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DNA
DNA
29
Biology
Undergraduate 2
11/20/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Replication Pattern of DNA
Definition
This occurs in (S) Synthesis Stage of Interphase
Term
Semi-Conservative
Definition
Is the method of DNA replication; One old strand (Parent), and one new (daughter) strand combine
Term
Conservative Replication
Definition
Hydrogen bonds are being broken during this method
Term
Replication Fork
Definition
[image]
Term
Leading Strand
Definition
replicated original, built toward the fork.
Term
Legging Strand
Definition
built away from fork
Term

Primase and DNA Polymerase III

 

4 Stages: (1 & 2)

Definition

1)Primase-builds RNA, being built in a 5 prime to 3 primse, binds to leading strand

 

 

 

2)DNA Polymerase III-can make DNA if it has a 3 prime strand to bind at; will finish rest of strand towards fork; will build one continuous strand until fork

Term

Primase and DNA Polymerase III

4 Stages: (3 & 4)

 

Definition

3) DNA Polymerase I-removes RNA primer from leading strand

 

4)DNA Ligase

Term

Lagging Strand: Part I

 

4 Processes (1 & 2)

Definition

1) Primase-makes primer; RNA primer lays multiple primers on legging strand

 

2) DNA polymerase III-builds sections of DNA between primer RNA; Okazaki fragments

Term
Okazaki fragments
Definition
Are the sections of DNA that DNA polymerase III builds between primer RNA.
Term

Lagging Strand: Part I

 

4 Processes (3 & 4):

Definition

3) DNA polymerase I-

1-will remove ALL RNA primers

2- Replaces those missing areas with DNA

 

*DNA polymerase CANNOT remove RNA here, so daughter legging strand will be shorter than parent strand, CANNOT attach to Okazaki fragments.*

 

4) DNA Ligase- seal gaps between DNA built by Polymerase III and DNA built by polymerase I.

Term
DNA Polymerase I
Definition
CANNOT attach to 5 prime end, making daughter strand shorter
Term
Telemere-
Definition

protection of genetic code; our aging line.

IE: Longer telemere=you appear younger looking

Shorter Telemere= you appear older; are aging

Term
Germ Cells
Definition
Produces telemerase; diploid cells that are destined to become egg or sperm; have an enzyme called telemerase
Term
Telemerase
Definition
replaces telemeres after each replication
Term
Origin of Replication
Definition

is a spot on the DNA molecule; where a replication fork is programmed to occur.

 

*repilcation bubble*

Term
Replication Fork
Definition
Begins with helicase begins the *BUBBLE*
Term
Topoisomerase-
Definition

reduces tension on the DNA molecule portions that are upstream and downstream from the bubble.

 

*Is and SSBP*

SSBP-Single Stranded Binding Protein

Term
Leading Strand-
Definition

3'(Prime) ---->5'(Prime), fork;

5' ends up being at the FORK

Term
Lagging Strand-
Definition
5'---->3', AWAY from fork
Term
Primase-
Definition
lay down an RNA primer that is anti-parallel to the parent strand
Term
DNA polymerase III-
Definition
binds the daughter(new) DNA strands, BUT can only add nucleotides to a 3' end
Term
DNA polymerase I-
Definition
removal and replacement of RNA primer with DNA
Term
DNA Ligase-
Definition
seals gaps in daughter strands(new)
Term
2 Names of parent strands:
Definition

1) Leading Strand

 

2)Lagging Strand

Term
SSBP(Sing Stranded Binding Protein)-
Definition
maintain separation of the parent strands and stabilize each strand; single strand because it only binds to ONE strand!
Term
Replication Bubble-
Definition
an area of DNA molecules that is being replicated between 2 forks
Term
helicase-
Definition
Unwinds the DNA parent strands within the bubble; BEGINS Replication Bubble
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