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DNA
DNA function and shape
43
Biology
9th Grade
12/18/2007

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Cards

Term

What did Griffith contribute to science?

Definition
He studdied mice and discovered that something could pass triats on
Term
What did Avery contribute to science?
Definition

Avery discovered that DNA transfered info

Term
What did Franklin contribute to science?
Definition
Her X-ray images helped discover the shape of DNA
Term

Spell out DNA

Definition

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

Term

Name the parts of a nucleotide

Definition
Phosphate, sugar, and a base
Term
Name and spell the four bases
Definition

A-Adenine

G-Guanine

C-Cytosine

T-Thymine

Term

What term refers to how the 2 sides of DNA relate to each other

Definition
Complementary, if you know one you can figure out the other
Term

What do hydrogen bonds hold together?

Definition

Two bases

Term
Phosodiester bonds hold what together?
Definition
Phosphates and Sugars
Term
What do carbon bonds hold together?
Definition
 ASugar and a Base
Term

The ends of two strands of DNA can be described as...?

Definition
Anti-parallel, they will be the opposite of each other (sorta)
Term

Fill in the blanks

double-helix,____coil,_____,_____

Definition

Double Helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome

Term
What are the two most common causesof mutations?
Definition
Radation and Chemical
Term
Describe the process of replication, using the terms unzip,nuleotides, proof read, and product
Definition
Enzyme unzips molecule, free nucleotidesand base paris math up, enzymes proof read, the product is two new daughter strands
Term

Why is DNA replication called discountinous?

Definition
Because it starts in multiple places and all at the same time
Term
What are the small pieces of DNA called that are made during replication called?
Definition
Okazaki
Term

What are the jobs of DNA helicase, polymerase and ligase.

Definition

Helicase and Polymerase both unzip or cut the DNA and Ligase puts it together

Term

What are restriction enzymes and where are they found?

Definition
Restriction enzymes cut the DNA after a certain # of ncleotides and they are found in teh ribosome
Term

What enzyme is used PCR?

Definition
Polymerase
Term
Electrophoresis is used in what application of DNA technology?
Definition
DNA Finger printing
Term

Insulin is made through what DNA technology?

Definition
Medicine Recombination
Term

A protein made of 300 amino acids came from a template of how many nucleotides?

Definition

897, you subtract three for the stop codon

Term

What happens durring Translation?

Definition
Codons and anti-codons match up to make proteins
Term

What happends durring Transcription?

Definition
DNA is changed into RNA
Term

What does tRNA  look like?

Definition
It has an amino acid on the top and an anti-codon on the bottom
Term

Why does DNA make RNA?

Definition

So that the cell can make proteins

Term

What are anti-codons?

Definition

Anti-codons are a set of thre nucleotides that match up to a codon

Term

Why do no anticodons exist for "stop" codons?

Definition

If there was anticodon it would not signal for the process to end

Term
What is the start codon and what A.A. does it code for?
Definition

AUG, Methionine

Term

What determines which amino acid will be added to a protein?

Definition
The order of codons in a sequence
Term

Name three differences between DNA and RNA

Definition

1. Deoxyribose/Ribose

2.DNA cant leave the nucleus

3.DNA has two strands RNA only has one

Term
What are exons?
Definition

Exons are expressed, so they are left in the sequence

Term

What are introns?

Definition
Introns are not expressed and they are removed or cut out of a sequence
Term
What did Hersehy and Chase discover about DNA? What did they study?
Definition
They discovered that DNA is the genetic material by studying radioactive viruses
Term

What did Watson and Crick discover about DNA? How did they come to this conclusion?

Definition
They discoverd the shape of DNA using research made by other scientist
Term
What is a nucleotide?
Definition
A nucleotide is the basic unit of DNA, it contains 3 parts a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
Term
Bases and sugars are conected using what kind of bond?
Definition
Covalent
Term
What are at the ends of a antiparallel structure?
Definition
A 5' and a 3', these are reversed on the strands antiparallel
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