Shared Flashcard Set

Details

DNA Review
N/A
15
Biology
10th Grade
05/03/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
List the characteristics of DNA.
Definition
2 Strands. Each strand is connected by strong covalent bonds. Sugar-phosphate backbone. Nitrogen bases connect the 2 strands. 4 bases (A,C,T,G)
Term
Describe the process of DNA Replication.
Definition
1. DNA Helicase - unwinds DNA and separates two strands 2. DNA Polymerase - adds complementary nucleotide to each strand 3. End up with 2 complete DNA double helix
Term
What is the conversion factor for a complementary strand of DNA?
Definition
T and A switch
C and G switch
Term
Describe the process of transcription.
Definition
RNA Polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to one strand of DNA to create mRNA. Then mRNA leaves nucleus.
Term
What is the role of mRNA?
Definition
Its the messenger for RNA
Term
What is the conversion factor for transcribing a DNA code into mRNA.
Definition
T-->A A-->U C<-->G
Term
Describe the process of translation.
Definition
mRNA attaches to a ribosome. tRNA complements codon on mRNA and carries amino acid on other end.
Term
What is the role of tRNA.
Definition
Has anticodon on one end that complements codon, and carries an amino acid on the other end.
Term
Define the 3 types of mutation.
Definition
Substitution - one nucleotide is replaced by another.
Deletion - one nucleotide is left out.
Insertion - an extra nucleotide is added.
Term
Define the four effects of mutations.
Definition
Silent - new codon codes for same amino acid.
Nonsense - new codon codes for stop.
Missense - new codon codes for a different amino acid.
Frameshift - codons are incorrectly grouped so amino acids are different.
Term
When are mutations passed on to future generations?
Definition
When the mutation occurs in the reproductive cells.
Term
What are some ways in which stem cells are obtained?
Definition
Embryonic, somatic, IPS, Theropuetic cloning
Term
What is being done with stem cells?
Definition
They are being used to treat disease.
Term
List some uses of genetic engineering.
Definition
Gene therapy, agricultural advancements, cloning, criminal investigators.
Term
Advantages and disadvantages to genetic engineering.
Definition
Better products, healthier people, less crime. Unsafe products and health risk.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!