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Diversity of Life
Dr. Macfall Elon University
57
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/28/2007

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Term
Two characteristics of all systems
Definition
Energy moves through and matter cycles within
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
membrane bound organelles
Term
prokaryotes
Definition
lack of membrane bound organelles; smaller
Term
Propertiess of life
Definition
ofder, evolutionary adaption, response to env, heat regualtion, energy processing, reproduction, growth and development
Term
characteristc of every cell
Definition
enclosed by membrane
all use DNA as genetic information
Term
negative feedback; positive feedback
Definition
slow process, increase process
Term
Three Domains of life
Definition
bacteria (oldest), archaea, eukarya
Term
Shapes of bacteria
Definition
rods, spheres, pleomorphic
Term
Archaea found? produce?
Definition
extreme environments (hot springs, intestines) produce methane
Term
Eukaryotes (4)
Definition
protists, plants, animals, fungi
Term
Darwin principles (2)
Definition
descent with modification-offspring slightly different; natural selection-not all of offspring survive to reproduce
Term
macromolecules
Definition
large molecules made of smaller subunits
Term
Types of macromolecules (4), in order of abundancy
Definition
proteins, Nucleic Acid (DNA), carbohydrates, lipids
Term
Polymer
Definition
long molecule of similar bilding blocks
Term
How do monomers form larfer molecules?
Definition
dehydration reactions
Term
How are polymers broken down?
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
Carbohydrates (4 fnctns)
Definition
nutrients (provide nrg), structure, store nrg, Convert nrg
Term
Energy storage carbs
Definition
glycogen, starch
Term
monosacharrides
Definition
sismplest sugars, used for fuel, converted into organics, combined into polymers
Term
Chitin
Definition
important structural polsaccharide (carb). found in exoskeletonss of insects and fungi
Term
Lipids Traits
Definition
Little infinity for H2o, nonpolar, hydrophobic, hydrocarbons
Term
Lipids roles
Definition
membrane, nrg storage, insulation, hormone, vitamins, plant defense
Term
Fatty acids
Definition
chain of carbon w/ carboxyl group
Term
saturated
Definition
max # of H atoms w/ no double bonds
Term
unsaturated
Definition
one or more double bonds
Term
phopholipids
Definition
two fatty acids, phospate group instead of a third...hydrophili head an hydrophobic tail
Term
steriods
Definition
lipids characterised by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Term
proteins
Definition
accelerate reactions, support, storafe, transport, hormones, response to stimuli, movement, desease protection
Term
enzymes
Definition
type of protein that acts as a cataylst to sspeed up chemical reactions
Term
amino acid
Definition
make up proteins there are 20
Term
protein conformation?
Definition
depends on chemical and physical conditions of proteins
Term
denaturation
Definition
when protein unravels
Term
chaperonins
Definition
are protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
transmit hereditary information
Term
two types
Definition
DNA, RNA
Term
Role of DNA
Definition
directs RNA synthesis...hydroxyl on sugar
Term
Role RNA
Definition
protein synthesis...H on sugar
Term
3 parts of nucleotide
Definition
phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
Term
Purine
Definition
Adenine, Guanine
Term
Pyrimidines
Definition
cytosine, uracil, thymine
Term
Prokaryotic Parts
Definition
capsule, cell wall, plasmsa membrane, ribososmes, nucleoid, pili
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
prokaryotic eating
Term
ribosomes
Definition
protein synthesis
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
"net like" ribosomes, protien synthesis, smooth is where lipids are synthesized, carbs metabolized, store calcium, toxin detox
Term
Golgi apparattus
Definition
shipping and recieving of vesicles procided by rough er...put into sacs
Term
lysosomes
Definition
membrane sac of enzymes, digest micromolecules autophagy (break down organelles)
Term
types of vacuole
Definition
food, contractal, central
Term
mitochondria
Definition
own dna ribosomes, divide independently, respiration (hydrolized carbs release CO2)
Term
chloroplast
Definition
can dicide independently,
Term
thylakoids, granum, stroma
Definition
individual plates, stacks, fluid
Term
Peroxisome
Definition
oxidation make hydrogen peroxide
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
network of fibers extending through cell, mechanical suspposrt and movement
Term
cell wall
Definition
made of cellulose,
Term
middle lamella
Definition
middle of cell
Term
primary cell wall
Definition
toughest
Term
secondary
Definition
thickest, structure
Term
plasmodesmata
Definition
holes in cell wall
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