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Disorders of WBC
Test 2
28
Pathology
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2013

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Explain mulipoten stem cells
Definition

Lymphoid stem cell         myloid stem cell

t & b cells                   precurson cell

natural killer (innate)               Mono/grano leukoctes

 

Term

What are the 3 WBC and what do they do?

 

Definition
  • Neutraphils- prim path control
  • Esophiles- control allergic responce/ fight parasites
  • Basophiles/mast- release heparin, histomine, and inflam mediators
Term
Moncytes/macrophages are responsible for what 4 things?
Definition
  • antigen-presenting cell
  • phagocytes
  • inflammatory mediators
  • healing
Term
Lymphocytes contain these 3 things and do what?
Definition
  • B-cells - Plasma/memory cells
  • T cells- control immune responce, cell mediated immunity
  • NKC- kill antigen cell
Term
3-White blood cell Deficiency
Definition
  1. Leukopenia- decrease in all WBC
  2. Neutropenia- (agranulocytosis)- neutrophils lag only still got lymphocytes and everything else
  3. Aplastic anemia- all myeloid cells decreased... loose (granulocytes, arithrocytes and platlets.)
Term
What is the cause of blood cell deficiency?
Definition
most - chemotheraputic drugs
Term
Where to WBC hang out in the body
Definition
Spleen
Term
What is the drug that increase production of blood count?
Definition
Hemotopoietic drugs- colony stimulating factor
Term

1. What causes mononucleosis?

2. What is used to diagnose this?

3. What is responsible for resonizing when B cells are affected and make this disease dormint?

4.How long does this disease last?

Definition
  1. EDV in salive- affects b cells (kill or take over)
  2. Heterophil antibodies(dianostic)
  3. CD8 & NK- keep heterophil to min
  4. 4-8 wks
Term
Leukemia vs Lymphoma
Definition

Leukemia- WBC form in bone marrow, neoplasma that arise here = leukemia/ plasma cell dysplasia

Lymphoma- Move to lymphoid organs much more differientiated- arise in lymp tissue.

 

YOU WANT LYMPHOMA OVER LEUKEMIA= more differianted which = benign

Term
2 Types of Lymphomas are
Definition
  1. Non- Hodgins- effect b&t cells, more aggressive responds better to treatment because of high growth rates.
  2. Hodgins- Progressive invasion of lymphoid- characterised by Reed sternberg cells-(these look very different)
Term
When we talk about Leukemia it can be discribed as?
Definition

More malignant, unreg/ proliferated, lots of wbc in bone marrow....

Accures in result to Chemotherapy

Term
4 ways to name Leukemia
Definition
  1. Mylogenous(myeloid, gran,eryth, throm--cytes)
  2. Lymphocytic(immatue)
  3. Acute(severe all bone marrow)
  4. Chronic(abnormal proliferation of well defined cells)

Name according to cells/type being affected

Term

*LEUKEMIA AFFECTS BONE MARROW*

Explain these symptoms-

1. Bone pain/ risk of fracture?

2. Anemia?

3.Thromocytopenia?

4.immune supression?

5. Resulting problems?

Definition
  1. bones exspanding
  2. no RBC
  3. no platelets
  4. no WBS
  5. sob/fatigue weakness
Term
ABmormal WBC cause 4 things.
Definition
  1. Relase inflam mediators- ( swelling fever malasie)
  2. Infiltrated peripheral Lymphoid- ( swollen lymph)
  3. increase blood viscosity-(clots)
  4. create waste products- (kidney/liver affect)
Term

Child with leukemia explain to mom why these things are happening to her child.

  1. Fever night sweats
  2. Pale, weak fatigue
  3. Cervical lymp nodes are enlarged
  4. Nose bleeds
  5. after chemo, Hyperkalemia.
Definition
  1. Increae WBC
  2. No RBC
  3. WBC proliferate
  4. No platelets
  5. Kills Potassium

 

Term

1.What causes Multiple Myeloma?

2.What are the 2 types of Mulitple Myeloma?

 

Definition
  1. Abnormal b-cells ( bcells make antibody and turn to mem cells normally)
  2. Unregulated proliferation of M-protien (80%)
  • Bence- Jone  Protien (20% cause kidney faliure along with multi mylomia.
Term
What are you going to see in patients with Multiple myloma
Definition
  • increase osteoclast- bone break down
  • Hypercalcemia- d/t bown break down
  • Infection- d/t decrease antibodies
  • Plasma cell tumors(plasmacytomas)- GI system
Term

What does Hemostasis do?

1.Normally?

2. Abnormally?

 

Definition

1. Stopp abnormal blood flow, seals broken blood vessels

2. Inappriate clotting/insufficient clotting

Term
Explain how clotting occures/ platelets (Thrombocytes)
Definition
  • Thrombopoietin stimulates production of megakaryocytes(formed in bone marrow) Platelets are formed live 8-9days(stored in spleen)
Term
Explain Coagulation factor?
Definition
  • Created by  liver and work together to form a clot.
  • Calcium has to be around to clot

 

Term
What three things come together to allow platelet formation?
Definition
  1. Von Willebrand factor
  2. Factor viii
  3. collagen
  4. TXA2
Term
What makes a blood clot?
Definition
Fibrin
Term

1.What is the procces that breaks clot down?

2. What actually breaks the clot?

Definition
  1. Tissue Plasminogen activators cause Plasminogen to turn to plasmin.
  2.  Plasmin Breaks the clot down.
Term
2 ways to become Hypercoagulability?
Definition
  • Increase platelet function-
  • Increase Clotting Activity-
Term

Platelet Disorders are caused by?

3 ways to get this?

Definition
  • Decreased platelet levels (thrombocytopenia)
  1. Decreased production
  2. Breaking down/ trapping
  3. Platelets used up forming alot of clots
Term
2 Platelet Disorders.
Definition
  1. ITP- BREAK DOWN PLATELETS-most common, autoimmine, type 2 hypersenitivity,bruising/ bleeding, steriods treatment
  2. TTP-USING PLATELETS UP- rare, wispread clotting, petechia, purpura,  plasmapheresis gives 80% recovery.
Term

Why do people bleed?

  • Aplastic Anemia-
  • Spleenomagley
  • Idiopathic Thrombocytic pura
  • Liver Disease
  • Vit-K
  • Hemaphilia A
Definition
  • No platelets
  • Platelets cant get out
  • Platelets destroyed by antibodies
  • Liver makes clotting factor
  • can't form clots
  • No factor 8
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