Shared Flashcard Set

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Diseases
Questions about the diseases covered by vaccines
87
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
10/02/2013

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How is rabies usually transmitted?
Definition
Bite wound
Term
The rabies virus first attaches to ______ before penetrating ______ and moving to the ______.
Definition
muscle cells; nerves; brain
Term
On average, how long does it take before the rabies virus reaches the brain and can be detected?
Definition
1-3 months
Term
How long after reaching the brain does the rabies virus become evident in body secretions?
Definition
2-3 days
Term
How many stages does rabies have?
Definition
3
Term
What is the first stage of rabies and when does it occur?
Definition
Prodromal stage; 1-2 days after symptoms start
Term
What is the second stage of rabies and when does it occur?
Definition
Excitative stage; 2-3 days after prodromal
Term
What is the third stage of rabies and when does it occur?
Definition
Paralytic (Dumb) stage; 2 days after excitative
Term
What happens during the Prodromal stage of rabies?
Definition
Personality change; friendly animals become shy; larynx spasms and voice changes
Term
What happens during the Excitative stage of rabies?
Definition
"Mad Dog"; hallucinations, no fear; larynx paralyzed, trouble swallowing, drooling and foaming
Term
What happens during the Paralytic (Dumb) stage of rabies?
Definition
Weak and paralyzed; breathing muscles paralyzed = fatal
Term
In what stage are humans most often exposed to rabies?
Definition
Paralytic (Dumb) stage
Term
What animals often have rabies?
Definition
Raccoons, skunks, foxes, coyotes, bats
Term
How do dogs catch distemper?
Definition
Contact with infected respiratory secretions or urine
Term
Nearly every dog is exposed to ______ in its lifetime.
Definition
distemper
Term
What are initial symptoms of canine distemper?
Definition
Eye/nose discharge, fever, loss of appetite, coughing
Term
What are symptoms of the second stage of canine distemper?
Definition
Vomiting, diarrhea, hardened foot and nose pads
Term
Symptoms of progressed distemper include...
Definition
seizures, tremors, imbalance, limb weakness; can be fatal
Term
How is canine hepatitis spread?
Definition
Feces, urine, blood, saliva, nasal discharge
Term
How is canine hepatitis contracted?
Definition
Through mouth or nose
Term
The canine hepatitis virus first goes to the ______ before moving to the _______ and ________.
Definition
tonsils; liver and kidneys
Term
What is the incubation period for canine hepatitis?
Definition
4-7 days
Term
What are symptoms of canine hepatitis?
Definition
Fever, depression, loss of appetite, coughing, tender abdomen

Liver disease - jaundice, vomiting, bleeding disorders

Death can occur, but most dogs recover
Term
What is a common cause of respiratory infection in dogs?
Definition
Parainfluenza
Term
Parainfluenza is responsible for the majority of cases of ______, _______, and some ______.
Definition
croup; bronchitis; pneumonias
Term
Parvo attacks the _______ tract.
Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
What are signs of parvo?
Definition
Severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration
Term
How is parvo transmitted?
Definition
Feces; can be dragged by people/animals walking
Term
How is parvo diagnosed?
Definition
Fecal test; but bloody diarrhea/low WBC cell in unvaccinated dog indicate parvo
Term
Coronavirus causes highly contagious _____ disease.
Definition
intestinal
Term
Coronavirus attacks the ____ _______.
Definition
small intestine
Term
Symptoms of coronavirus include...
Definition
diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia; often no symptoms in mild cases
Term
How is corona spread?
Definition
feces
Term
Is coronavirus fatal?
Definition
Not usually
Term
A serious disease occurs when a dog has both _______ and ________.

Why?
Definition
Coronavirus; parvovirus

Corona makes intestinal cells weaker and more susceptible to parvo infection
Term
How is bordetella transmitted?
Definition
Direct contact and airborne
Term
What is a symptom of bordetella?
Definition
Harsh, hacking cough
Term
Usually, kennel cough goes away on its own in ________.
Definition
10-20 days
Term
Kennel cough can be treated with ______ and _____ ________.
Definition
antibiotics; cough suppressants
Term
How do dogs get lepto?
Definition
Walking, swimming, drinking infected water or soil; or contact with infected dog
Term
How does lepto enter bloodstream?
Definition
Cut in skin, or mucous membranes
Term
What is important to note about lepto?
Definition
It is zoonotic and prevalent in this area
Term
What are symptoms of lepto?
Definition
vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, depression, jaundice
Term
Severe cases of lepto can lead to...
Definition
kidney and liver failure, and death
Term
Lyme disease is transmitted by _____ _____.
Definition
deer ticks
Term
Deer ticks must be attached for at least _____ hours for them to transmit Lyme.
Definition
48
Term
What are initial symptoms of Lyme disease?
Definition
mild discomfort
Term
Lyme diseases symptoms progress until...
Definition
the dog cannot move
Term
Lyme disease can progress in ______ ______.
Definition
2-3 days
Term
Untreated, Lyme can affect the ____ and _____.
Definition
heart; nerves
Term
Lyme disease can lead to _________ disease.
Definition
glomerular
Term
Canine influenza virus is new. Why is this important?
Definition
Most dogs have no natural immunity to it
Term
Canine influenza has been found in...
Definition
shelters, boarding, vet clinics, anywhere there are multiple dogs
Term
Dogs can spread CIV...
Definition
before symptoms appear.
Term
CIV is transmitted by...
Definition
direct contact, cough/sneeze, contaminated surface
Term
What are symptoms of CIV?
Definition
Cough, nasal discharge
Term
What makes CIV difficult to diagnose?
Definition
Symptoms are non-specific
Term
CIV can progress to _______.
Definition
pneumonia
Term
What does feline distemper (panleukopenia) cause?
Definition
fever, vomiting, diarrhea, immune suppression, anemia, death
Term
Feline distemper is similar to canine ________.
Definition
parvovirus
Term
Do indoor only cats need the 3 in 1 vaccine? Why or why not?
Definition
Yes. Distemper can be brought into house on shoes, clothes, etc.
Term
What are signs of feline rhinotrachitis (herpes) and calicivirus (flu)?
Definition
runny eyes/nose, ulcers on mouth and tongue, coughing, sneezing, fever, pneumonia, loss of appetite, inactivity
Term
Cat infected with rhinotrachitis or calicivirus can have the disease for how long?
Definition
Life, with persistent or recurring disease
Term
How long is a cat with rhinotrachitis (herpes) contagious?
Definition
couple of weeks after a stressful event; recurs
Term
How long is a cat with calicivirus (flu) contagious?
Definition
several months, but no recurrence
Term
How are rhinotrachitis (herpes) and calicivirus (flu) transmitted?
Definition
Discharges (mucus) and secretions (saliva and tears); shared food bowls and people
Term
What is important to note about feline rhinotrachitis and calicivirus?
Definition
They can be passed to humans
Term
What is feline chlamydiosis (pneumonia)?
Definition
respiratory virus
Term
What are signs of feline chlamydiosis (pneumonia)?
Definition
red and runny eyes
Term
Why isn't feline chlamydiosis (pneumonia) considered a core vaccine?
Definition
It is easily treated
Term
What is a problem with feline bordetella?
Definition
Often there are no clinical signs, even while the cat is a carrier
Term
How is FeLV transmitted?
Definition
Saliva, nasal secretions (sharing a food dish); sometimes urine, feces, and milk
Term
Is there a cure for FeLV?
Definition
No
Term
What are signs of FeLV?
Definition
fever, anemia, appetite loss, inactivity
Term
What does FeLV cause?
Definition
Immunosuppression
Term
FeLV is common in _____ and ______ cats.
Definition
young; old
Term
How many cats out of 100 have FeLV?
Definition
1-2 out of 100
Term
99% of FeLV positive cats will die within _____ ______.
Definition
5 years
Term
50% of FeLV positive cats will die within _____ ______.
Definition
6 months
Term
A cat with FeLV may appear normal but still be infected for up to __ _____.
Definition
5 years
Term
What is the average life expectancy for FIV positive cats?
Definition
5 years
Term
How is FIV transmitted?
Definition
deep bite wounds
Term
How can life be prolonged in an FIV positive cats?
Definition
Treating secondary infections
Term
Why isn't the FIV vaccine given often?
Definition
Chances of FIV being passed to other cats in household is low as long as there is no fighting
Term
What should be done with an FIV positive cat?
Definition
Treat infections, keep indoors, microchip, isolate from other cats in house if necessary
Term
How do ferrets get distemper?
Definition
Contact with other infected animals
Term
What are signs of distemper in ferrets?
Definition
Dermatitis - swollen, crusty, orange skin around chin and lips; rash around anus; thickened foot pads; eyelids stick together

Anorexia, depression, fever, sensitivity to light, discharge around eyes or nose, cough
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