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Digestive System
Digestive System - Block One
80
Medical
Professional
09/07/2010

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Term
labia
Definition
Another word for lips
Term
vestibule
Definition
area between the teeth and the lips or cheek
Term
oral cavity proper
Definition
area between the teeth where the tongue lies
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
the lining that protects the inside of the mouth from hard or sharp foods
Term
red margin
Definition
The area of the lips where lipstick is applied
Term
vermilion border
Definition
The line between the red of the lips and the skin
Term
labial frenulum
Definition
connection of the lips and gums
Term
gingivae
Definition
gums
Term
hard palate
Definition
located anteriorly on the roof of the mouth
Term
inferior labia
Definition
lower lip
Term
inferior labial frenulum
Definition
attachment of lower lip to the gums
Term
posterior wall oropharynx
Definition
back of the mouth next to the uvula
Term
soft palate
Definition
soft area on the roof of the mouth used when mastification occures.
Term
superior labia
Definition
Upper Lip
Term
superior labial frenulum
Definition
attachment of upper lip to gums
Term
tongue
Definition
a muscle that occupies most of the space on the floor of the mouth
Term
viscera
Definition
another name for organ
Term
lumen
Definition
The hollow part of a tube
Term
oral cavity
Definition
Another name for the mouth
Term
buccal
Definition
Term that means literally “pertaining to the cheek.”
Term
gut
Definition
Refers to the GI tract of an embryo.
Term
abdomen
Definition
Describes the body from the chest to the hips.
Term
lingual frenulum
Definition
secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Term
ankyloglossia
Definition
the lingual frenulum is abnormally short or long - tongue-tied
Term
filiform papillae
Definition
superior surface of the tongue that lend a rough surface to the tongue, allowing it to grasp food and manipulate it during mastication
Term
fungiform papillae
Definition
The superior surface of the tongue has a vascular core that gives them a reddish appearance
Term
circumvallate papillae
Definition
Lies Two-thirds of the way back on the tongue surface and anterior to the sulcus terminalis
Term
sulcus terminalis
Definition
a groove that marks the border between the mouth and the pharynx
Term
lingual
Definition
Means pertaining to the tongue.
Term
papillae
Definition
elevations on the tongue
Term
Saliva is a combination of
Definition
water, ions, mucus, and enzymes
Term
The proteins in saliva stimulate
Definition
growth of good bacteria
Term
bicarbonate buffers do the following
Definition
neutralizes bacteria-producing acids to help prevent tooth decay, provides proteins that stimulate the growth of good bacteria, and contains antiviral substances, antibodies, and a cyanide compound, which kills harmful microorganisms.
Term
large extrinsic salivary glands secrete saliva
Definition
when eating or in anticipation of eating
Term
small intrinsic salivary glands are located
Definition
throughout the mouth; on the tongue, palate, lips, and cheeks
Term
lesser omentum
Definition
extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the underside of the liver
Term
greater omentum
Definition
extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
lining of the abdominal cavity
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
The branch of medicine dealing with digestion.
Term
serosa
Definition
1. The outer and final layer of the GI tract
2. Another term for visceral peritoneum.
Term
absorption
Definition
The process of assimilating nutrients.
Term
omentum
Definition
Double folds of peritoneum.
Term
secretion
Definition
A term for releasing enzymes to break down food.
Term
alimentary canal
Definition
The canal which makes up most of the digestive system.
Term
muscularis
Definition
The layer responsible for contraction.
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
Organs not covered by the peritoneum.
Term
dorsal mesentery
Definition
Long, thin sheets of tissue that support the GI tract.
Term
The approximate length of the GI tract.
Definition
30 feet
Term
submucosa
Definition
The second layer surrounding the lumen.
Term
distention
Definition
The state of being enlarged.
Term
collagen
Definition
Along with elastic fibers, this comprises the submucosal layer.
Term
peristalsis
Definition
The process of moving through the tract.
Term
The liver and pancreas are _____ organs.
Definition
secretory
Term
greater omentum
Definition
Extending from the larger curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.
Term
Not a function of digestion.
Definition
Support
Term
pharynx
Definition
passageway for the respiratory and digestive system
Term
uvula
Definition
small, fleshy mass hanging from the soft palate
Term
oropharynx
Definition
extends from the soft palate in the mouth to the level of the hyoid bone
Term
epiglottis
Definition
lid-like structure that hangs over the entrance to the larynx
Term
esophagus
Definition
part of the alimentary canal that connects the pharynx to the stomach
Term
four major parts of the stomach
Definition
1. Cardiac orifice
2. fundus
3. body
4. pylorus
Term
Cardiac orifice
Definition
is the juction between the esophagus and the stomach
Term
fundus
Definition
the dome-shaped portion of the stomach that extends slightly above the cardiac orifice
Term
body (of the stomach)
Definition
is the widest portion and is located between the lesser and greater curvatures.
Term
pylorus (of the stomach)
Definition
is the last area of the stomach, just before the duodenum
Term
four major regions of the large intestine:
Definition
1. cecum
2. colon
3. rectum
4. anal/anal canal
Term
three main regions of the small intestine:
Definition
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum
Term
duodenum
Definition
receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas
Term
ileum
Definition
transition from the small intestine to the large intestine. Called the ileocecal valve
Term
cecum
Definition
opens into the colon and has the appendix, a small finger-like projection that is attached to the medial portion.
Term
colon
Definition
The second portion of the large intestine is the colon. Different areas of the colon have specific terms assigned to them. At approximately the liver, the colon bends sharply, and this area is referred to as the hepatic flexure. The colon then extends in a horizontal direction, and that portion is called the transverse colon. At the left abdominal wall, there is another sharp bend in the colon. This is called the splenic flexure and is the beginning of the descending colon, or that portion of the large intestine that goes downward (descends). Finally, the colon terminates in an S-shaped bend that is referred to as the sigmoid colon.
Term
rectum
Definition
a tube approximately 15 cm long located between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal.
Term
Anus/Anal Canal
Definition
The anal canal forms a muscular opening in the muscles of the pelvic floor that is called the anus. This is surrounded by both involuntary and voluntary muscular sphincters.
Term
sigmoid colon
Definition
s-shaped bend where the colon ends
Term
hepatic flexure
Definition
The area near the liver where the colon bends sharply
Term
splenic flexure
Definition
the beginning of the descending colon.
Term
pancreas
Definition
creates and secretes juices into the duodenum for breakdown of foods
Term
teniae coli
Definition
three distinct longitudinal muscles that run the length of the large intestine
Term
liver
Definition
the largest gland in the body, that also produces bile
Term
gallbladder
Definition
stores and concentrates bile
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