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Digestive System
Maders understanding Human Anatomy and Phys. CH 15
21
Biology
Not Applicable
11/17/2010

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Cards

Term
Main function of the Digestive System
Definition

Food is digested so that nutrients are small enough to enter the cell

Term
Saliva
Definition

A solution of mucus & water that contains:

-salivary amylase which begins digesting starch

-water to moisten food & prepare for swallowing

-mucus-antibacterial lysozyme & secretory antibodies

Term
Peristalsis
Definition

The mechanical process which moves the bolus through the esophagus

Term
Constipation
Definition

Dry, hard feces

-can be associated w/hemorrhoids

To relieve:

increase water intake

increase fiber intake

increase exercise

Term
Gastric Glands
Definition

Produce gastric juice

-contain chief cells & parietal cells

Term
Chief Cells
Definition

Secrete pepsinogen which becomes pepsin

Term
Parietal Cells
Definition

Produce HCL

Term

Functions of HCL

(hydrochloric acid)

Definition

-Kills bacteria

 

-Activates pepsin from pepsinogen

 

-Breaks down connective tissue of meat

Term
Pepsin
Definition
Protein-digesting enzyme produced by the stomach
Term
Small Intestine Regions
Definition

Duodenum- recieves pancreatic secretions & bile

 

Jejunum

 

Ileum- contains Peyer's Patches

Term
Small Intestine Functions
Definition

-Digests almost all food

 

-Absorbs nutrients

 

-Transports undigested food to large intestine

Term
Large Intestine Regions
Definition

-Cecum

-Colon- 4 portions

Ascending,Transverse,Descending,Sigmoid

-Rectum

-Anal Canal

Term
Large Intestine Functions
Definition

-Absorbs water, salts, & some vitamins

 

-Transports waste & stores indigestible material until it is eliminated

Term
Accessory Organs to Digestion
Definition

Liver & Pancreas

-Food does not pass directly through them

 

Term
Liver Functions Include
Definition

-Detoxifies blood

-Produces plasma proteins

-Stores glucose as glycogen, maintain blood glucose

-Converts amino acids to glucose & urea

Term
Jaundice
Definition

An overabundance of bile pigments in the blood

Term
Gallbladder
Definition

-Stores excess bile

-attatched to the liver

-bile leaves the gallbladder via the cystic duct

Term
Some Enzymes.....
Definition

Have specialized functions

-Amylase produces maltOse

-MaltAse breaks down maltOse

Term

Final Breakdown Prodcuts of:

Starch

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Fats

Definition

Starch= Glucose

Nucleic Acids= Sugar, Phosphates, Nitrogenous bases

Proteins= Amino Acids

Fats= Fatty acids, Glycerol

Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition

Bingeing then purging

-can coexist w/obesity & anorexia

-alters blood composition

-stom acids can cause teeth to erode

Term
Anorexia Nervsosa
Definition

Morbid fear of gaining weight

-distorted self image

-symptoms of starvation

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