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Diarrhea
Diarrhea
17
Pharmacology
Professional
08/28/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define diarrhea
Definition

Diarrhea occurs whent there is an increase in the number of bowel movements or bowel movements are more water and loose than normal. When the intestines push stools through the bowel before the water in the stool can be reabsorbed, diarrhea occurs.

Term
Most cases of diarrhea are?
Definition

Viral. Diarhea can be idiopathic, caused by disease, and is often caused by stomach flu or food poisoning. Drinking untreated water, not washing fruits/vegatables properly, using untreated ice for drinks, or unpasteurized dairy products can cause viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections.

Term
What is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea?
Definition

E. coli.

 

Other bacterial pathogens that can cause diarrhea are Campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella and vibrio.

Term

What class of antibiotics are most commonly used to treat bacterial diarrhea?

Definition

Quinolones, although there is growing resistance. Azithromycin is another option.

Term
Which antibiotic is used to treat E. coli
Definition

non - absorbing drug rifaximin (Xifaxan): 200 mg TID x 3 days. It is a derivative of refampin and, like refampin, is a strong inducer.

Term

For parasitic diarrhea infections, which parasite is the most common cause?

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Definition
Giardia lamblia.
Term
What is the most common treatment for parasitic diarrhea infections?
Definition

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 250 - 500 mg QID.

Term
[image]
Definition
Statement. Not a question.
Term
Is prophylaxis with antibiotics commonly recommended?
Definition

Prophylaxis with antibiotics for traveler's diarrhea (TD) is not recommended, except perhaps for short - term travelers who are high - risk (such as those who are immune - compromised) or who are takig critical trips during which even a short bout of diarrhea could impact the purpose of the trip.

Term
Should a patient want diarrhea prophylaxis, what should he/she choose?
Definition
prophylaxis with bismuth subsalicylate (BSS, Pepto-Bismol).
Term
When to not self treat for diarrhea?
Definition

Do not self-treat if high fever or blood in stool; see physician if no improvement in 2 days (sooner for young children/infants)

Term

How should patients redhydrate when experiencing moderate - severe fluid loss from diarrhea?

Definition

accomplished with orah rehydration solution (ORS), which are available  at stores and pharmacies (Pedialyte, Infalyte &c.). Gatorade or similar products may be used as alternatives.

Term
Caution with Imodium and Lomitil?
Definition

Caution with Imodium and Lomitil if a decrease in intestinal motility may be due to infection from Shigella, Salmonella, and toxigenic strains of E. coli - toxic megacolon (usually due to E. coli or severe IBS) may occur.

 

Term

If fever/cold symptoms are present, ____ can cause Reye's Syndrome in children and is avoided except under a doctor's care (it may rarely be used in a child with a heart condition, where benefit may outweigh risk). For fever or mild pain, the mother can treat the child with acetaminophen or ibuprofen but should not exceed recommended daily amounts of acetaminophen (10  - 15 mg/kg Q 4-6 hrs, maximum of 5 doses/24 hrs), or ibuprofen (10 mg/kg Q 6 - 8hrs).

Definition
aspirin
Term

combination cough and cold products should not be used in children. Any combination product may contain additional amounts of _______ or _____ - the patient must be counseled to count all sources.

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Definition
acetaminophen, ibuprofen
Term

Regarding diarrhea; RULE OUT: lactose intolerance as a cuase of diarrhea by stopping use of diary products. Physicians can confirm lactose intolerance by tests.

Definition
Statement. Not a question.
Term
[image]
Definition
Antidiarrheals
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