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Diabetes
Chapter 49
10
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term




OAs work on 3 defects of TYPE 2 diabetes
Definition

 

 

 

  1. Insulin resistance
  2. Decreased insulin production
  3. Increased hepatic glucose production

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Sulfonylureas

Definition

  • Increase insulin production from pancreas
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Promotes weight gain

Glucotrol, Amaryl
Term

 

 

 

 

Meglitinides

Definition
  • Increase insulin production from the pancreas
  • More rapidly absorbed & eliminated than sulfonylureas
  • Less likely to cause hypoglycemia
  • 30 mins before meals
  • Should not be taken if a meal is skipped
  • Promotes weight gain
Prandin
Term

 

 

 

 

Biguanides

Definition
  • Reduce glucose production by liver
  • Enhances insulin sensitivity at tissue level
  • Improves glucose transport into cells
  • 1st choice for TYPE 2 diabetes
  • Does not promote weight gain
  • Prevent TYPE 2 in prediabetics 
  • Do not use c kidney/liver disease or HF

Glucophage

Term

 

 

 

 

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

"Starch Blockers"

Definition

 



  • Slow down absorption of carbs in small intestine


Precose

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Thiazolidinediones

"Insulin sensitizers"

Definition
  • Most effective for insulin resistant people
  • Improve insulin sensitivity, transport, and utilization at target tissues
  • Will not cause hypoglycemia (alone)
  • Do not use with HF

Actos, Avandia

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Dipeptidly Peptidase-4 inhibitor

DPP-4

Definition
  • Slow inactivation of incretin hormones
    • Incretins increase insulin synthesis & release from pancreas & decrease hepatic glucose production
  • Decrease hypoglycemia risk
  • Does not promote weight gain

 

Janubia, Onglyza
Term

 

 

 

 

Amylin Analog

Definition
  • For TYPE 1 & 2 who have not achieved glucose control
  • 3 mechanisms
    • slows gastric emptying
    • reduces postprandial glucagon secretion
    • increases satiety (= decrease caloric intake)
  • SC into thigh or abdomen
  • With insulin = Severe hypoglycemia

Symlin

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Definition
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