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Development & Inheritance
Vocabulary
32
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2013

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Term
General Properties of Development & Inheritance
Definition
  • Precedes from simple undifferentiated state to more complex, differentiated condition
  • Occurs b/c of reg. of gene activity
    • Homeoboxes
  • The life- long interaction w/ the environment
  • Life-long
Term
Homeoboxes
Definition
  • Set of genes- control expression of other genes during development
  • General property
Term
Life-long
Definition
  • Ends in gene science- breakdown of the body in old age
  • General Property
Term
Gene Science
Definition
  • General Property
  • Breakdown of the body in old age
  • Due to accumulation of free radicals from metabolism
  • Antioxidants
Term
Antioxidant
Definition
  • General property
  • Eliminate free radicals
Term
Prenatal Development
Definition
  • Trimesters
    • 1st-all major organs appears
    • 2nd- complete organ development
    • 3rd- rapid fetal growth
Term
1st Trimester
Definition
all major organs appear
Term
2nd trimester
Definition
complete organ development
Term
3rd trimester
Definition
rapid fetal growth
Term
Embryonic Period
Definition
  • Fertilization
    • 8 weeks
  • Cleavage
  • Blastocyst Formation
  • Implantation
Term
Fertilization
Definition
  • 8 weeks
  • Usually ocurs w/i 24hrs of ovulation
  • Usually in the Fallopian tubes
  • Sperm
    • 200 mil. in vagina
    • 2mill- cervix
    • 200 at 2° oocyte
  • Prostaglaglandins- contractions in females
  • Move sperm
  • Sperm acrosomis enzymes allow penetration of 2 layers around oocyte
  • Oocyte finishes meiosis II
  • Forms ovum & 2 polar bodies
Term
Prostaglandins
Definition
sperm mobility, viability, stimulate contractions in females
Term
Cleavage
Definition
  • Cell division w/ no inc. in size
  • Occurs in the Fallopian tube
  • Monozygotic twinning may occur 1st-8 days
  • Dizygotic twins from fertilization of > 1 egg
  • Results in morula comprised of blastomeres
Term
Monozygotic Twinning
Definition
  • Cleavage
  • Identical
Term
Dizygotic Twins
Definition
  • Cleavage
  • Non- identical
Term
Morula
Definition
solid center
Term
Blastomeres
Definition
cells
Term
Blastocyst Formation
Definition
  • Occurs in Fallopian tubes
  • Morula enlarges & becomes a hollow ball of cells
    • Trophoblast
    • Blastocoel
    • Embryoblast
  • Approximately 6-7 days post fertilization
    • Blastocyst attaches to endometrium
    • Embryoblast move towards wall
    • Endometrium- more vascularized
  • Trophoblast
    • Secretion of hCG-
      • Maintains corpus luteum anf prevent menstruation
  • Gastrulation
    • Occurs during embryonic prd
    • Embryonblast fold in on itself (blastopore), creating 3 layers
      • Endoderm
      • Mesoderm
      • Ectoderm
  • Coelom also forms
Term
Trophoblast
Definition

outer lyer of cells

eventually become placenta

Term
Blastocoel
Definition
hollow inner cavity
Term
Embryoblast
Definition
embryonic tissues
Term
Gatrulation
Definition
formation of germ layers
Term
Endoderm
Definition
  • Inner
  • Forms gut, digestive, urinary, respiratory sys.
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
  • Middle
  • Forms muscular, skeletal, cardio sys
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
  • Outer layer
  • Hair, skin, Nervous sys.
Term
Coelom
Definition
membrane- lined inner body cavity (peritoneum & pleura)
Term
Formation of Embryonic Membrane
Definition
  • Yolk sac
  • Amnion
  • Chorion
  • Allantois
Term
Yolk Sac
Definition
  • Forma. of Embryo. Membr.
  • Site of fetal BL formation, also provides nourishment
Term
Amnion
Definition
  • Form. of Embryo. Membr.
  • Surrounds embryo, keep amniotic fluid in place
  • Shock absober
Term
Chorion
Definition
  • Embryo. Membr.
  • Formerly trophoblast, becomes placenta
Term
Allantois
Definition
  • Embryo. Membr.
  • Umibilical cord
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