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Development & Genetics
Development & Genetics
44
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
04/19/2010

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Term
MEIOSIS
Definition
NUCLEAR DIVISION PROCESS THAT REDUCES THE CHROMOSOMAL NUMBER BY HALF AND RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF FOUR HAPLOID CELLS; OCCURS ONLY IN CERTAIN REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Term
MITOSIS
Definition
PROCESS DURING WHICH THE CHROMOSOMES ARE REDISTRIBUTED TO TWO DAUGHTER NUCLEI; NUCLEAR DIVISION CONSISTS OF PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, AND TELOPHASE
Term
TETRAD
Definition
LITTLE GROUPS OF FOUR CHROMATIDS
Term
CROSSING OVER
Definition
DURING SYNAPSIS, FORMED WITHIN EACH TETRAD AS THE FREE ENDS OF ONE MATERNAL AND PATERNAL CHROMATID WRAP AROUNF EACHOTHER.
Term
CHROMOSOME
Definition
BAR-LIKE BODIES OF TIGHTLY COILED CHROMATIN; VISIBLE DURING CELL DIVISION
Term
SISTER CHROMATID
Definition
REPLICATION OF A CHROMOSOME TO MAKE TWO IDENTICAL CHROMATID
Term
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
Definition
23 PAIRS OF SIMILAR CHROMOSOMES
Term
HAPLOID
Definition
THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES PRESENT IN HUMAN GAMETES IS 23
Term
DIPLOID
Definition
THE CHROMOSOMAL NUMBER CHARACTERISTIC OF AN ORGANISM, SYMBOLIZED AS 2n; TWICE THE CHROMOSOMAL NUMBER OF THE GAMETE IN HUMANS. 2n=46
Term
ALLELES
Definition
GENES CODING FOR THE SAME TRAIT AND FOUND AT THE SAME LOCUS ON HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
Term
SPERMATOGENESIS
Definition
THE PROCESS OF SPERM FORMATION INVOLVES MEIOSIS
Term
OOGENESIS
Definition
PROCESS OF OVUM FORMATION
Term
SPERMATOGONIA
Definition
OUTERMOST TUBULE CELLS, WHICH ARE IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE EPITHELIAL BASAL LAMINA (STEM CELL)
Term
PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE
Definition
TYPE B CELL GETS PUSHED TOWARD THE LUMEN. DESTROYED TO PRODUCE FOUR SPERM
Term
SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE
Definition
DURING THE FIRST PHASE OF MEIOSIS I, FORMS TWO SMALLER HAPLOD CELLS.
Term
SPERMATID
Definition
SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES AFTER MEIOSIS, SMALL ROUND CELLS WITH LARGE SPERICAL NUCLEI; SEEN CLOSER TO THE LUMEN OF THE TUBULE.
Term
ACROSOME
Definition
HELMET-LIKE, HEAD OF THE SPERM. CONTAINS HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES THAT ENABLE SPERM TO PENETRATE AND ENTER AN EGG
Term
FLAGELLUM
Definition
TAIL PRODUCED BY THE CENTRIOLE
Term
OOGONIUM
Definition
DIPLOID STEM CELLS OF THE OVARY
Term
PRIMARY OOCYTE
Definition
OOGONIA AFTER MITOSIS. BEGIN THE FIRST THE FIRST MIEOTIC DIVISION
Term
SECONDARY OOCYTE
Definition
ONE OF THE TWO HAPLOID CELLS. LARGER IN SIZE, NEARLY ALL THE CYTOPLASM OF THE PRIMARY OOCYTE
Term
OOCYTE
Definition
IMMATURE FEMALE GAMETE
Term
POLAR BODY
Definition
A)FIRST POLAR BODY- SMALLER CELL OF THE TWO HAPLOID CELLS
B) SECOND POLAR BODY- IF SPERM PENETRATION OCCURS, IT QUICKLY COMPLETES MEIOSIS II YIELDING ONE LARGE OVUM AND A TINY SECOND POLAR BODY
Term
FERTILIZATION
Definition
FUSION OF THE SPERM AND EGG NUCLEI
Term
IMPLANTATION
Definition
SIX TO SEVEN DAYS AFTER OVULATION
Term
HEREDITY
Definition
PASSING ON OF CHARACTERISTICS FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT
Term
GENETICS
Definition
SCIENCE THAT DEALS ESPECIALLY WITH THE MECHANISM OF HEREDITY
Term
DOMINANT-RECESSIVE INHERITANCE
Definition
REFLECTS THE INTERACTION OF DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES
Term
PUNNET SQUARE
Definition
A DIAGRAM USED TO FIGURE OUT FOR A SINGLE TRAIT, THE POSSIBLE GENE COMBINATIONS THAT WOULD RESULT FROM THE MATING OF PARENTS OF KNOWN GENOTYPES
Term
AUTOSOMES
Definition
CHROMOSOMES NUMBER 1 TO 22; DO NOT INCLUDE THE SEX CHROMOSOME
Term
SEX CHROMOSOME
Definition
THE CHROMOSOMES, X AND Y THAT DETERMINE GENETIC SEX. (XX=FEMALE; XY=MALE) THE 23RD PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES
Term
HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
Definition
ALLELE IS MASKED BY ITS PARTNER
Term
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT
Definition
ONE ALLELE MASKS OR SUPRESSES THE EXPRESSION OF ITS PARTNER
Term
HETEROZYGOUS
Definition
HAVING DIFFERENT ALLELIC GENES AT A GIVEN LOCUS OR (BY EXTENSION) MANY LOCI
Term
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Definition
THE HETEROZYGOTE HAS A PHENOTYPE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THOSE OF HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE INDIVIDUALS
Term
SEX LINKED INHERITANCE
Definition
INHERITED TRAITS DETERMINED BY GENES ON THE SEX CHROMOSOMES, E.G. X-LINKED GENES ARE PASSED FROM MOTHER TO SON, Y-LINKED GENES ARE PASSED FROM FATHER TO SON
Term
GAMETES
Definition
SEX OR GERM CELL
Term
PHENOTYPE
Definition
OBSERVABLE EXPRESSION OF THE GENOTYPE
Term
GENOTYPE
Definition
ONE'S GENETIC MAKEUP OR GENES
Term
[image]
Definition
2 CELL STAGE/ 4 CELL STAGE
Term
[image]
Definition
8 CELL STAGE/ 16 STAGE CELL; MORULA
Term
[image]
Definition
UNFERTILIZED EGG/ ZYGOTE
Term
[image]
Definition
EARLY BLASTULA/ LATE BLASTULA
Term
[image]
Definition
EARLY GASTRULA/ LATE GASTRULA
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