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Details

Dermatology
K9 Food Allergy/ACD/Hymenoptera
55
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
03/18/2012

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Cards

Term
Adverse food rxn can occur through _____ or _____.
Definition
Immunological rxn (HS); non-immunological rxn (Food Intolerance)
Term
Food intolerance occurs through content of _____ or _____.
Definition
Histamine; Histamine-releasing factors
Term
Are more cases of adverse food rxn probably HS or food intolerance?
Definition
HS
Term
What is probably involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy?
Definition
IgE, IgG, CMI
Term
What type of CS (generally) are seen w/ food allergy?
Definition
Dermatologic, GI, or both
Term
Food allergy occurs w/ _____% frequency of atopic dermatitis.
Definition
~30%
Term
What breeds of dog are predisposed to food allergy?
Definition
GSD, Pug, Rhodesian Ridgeback
Term
What are the manifestations of chronic GI dz from food allergy?
Definition
Diarrhea & Vomiting
Term
What are some mild GI signs associated w/ food allergy?
Definition
Occasional loose stools, increased frequency of defecation (>2-3x/d), increased flatulence
Term
What GI histopath is possible w/ food allergy?
Definition
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis a/o lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis
Term
What derm sign is almost always seen w/ food allergy?
Definition
Pruritis
Term
_____% of food allergy cases commence prior to 1yo.
Definition
42%
Term
What are the primary eruptions of food allergy?
Definition
Usually papules; rarely wheals
Term
What secondary infection is often seen w/ food allergy?
Definition
Staphylococcal (typically relapses quickly after abx Tx)
Term
_____ is affected less frequently in food allergy, and _____ is suggestive. (Distribution)
Definition
Volar aspect of feet; Perianal involvement
Term
In what % of food allergy cases is otitis externa seen?
Definition
>80%
Term
In contrast to atopic dermatitis, otitis externa associated w/ food allergy may commence _____.
Definition
In the horizontal canal
Term
_____ is an unreliable diagnostic tool for food allergy.
Definition
Intradermal skin test
Term
What is the value of in vitro tests for allergen-specific IgE a/o IgE?
Definition
(Not Dx) Selection of an appropriate hypoallergenic dietary trial
Term
What Ab is higher in food allergic dogs?
Definition
IgE & IgG
Term
For which Ab is serology available?
Definition
IgE
Term
What is a patch test?
Definition
Sensitive & specific test where native allergen is kept in contact w/ skin for 48h
Term
What is the only way to confirm Dx of food allergy?
Definition
Hypoallergenic diet trial followed by provocation
Term
What is the gold standard for hypoallergenic diet trial?
Definition
Home-prepared diet
Term
How long can it take before improvement is seen w/ a hypoallergenic diet trial?
Definition
6-8w
Term
What % of food allergy cases are picked up by commercial single-source protein diets?
Definition
40-60%
Term
In what % of cases are hydrolysate diets effective?
Definition
80-90%
Term
When provoked w/ the original diet, how long does it take for relapse of food allergy?
Definition
Hours to 14 days
Term
What is the most common food allergen? What cross-reacts with it?
Definition
Beef; Lamb, Dairy, Venison
Term
What is the best therapy for food allergy?
Definition
Maintain on commercial hypoallergenic diet (Single-source protein or hydrolyzed protein)
Term
When should home-prepared diet be used as Tx?
Definition
If a commercial diet is ineffective
Term
Contact dermatitis can be either _____ or _____, but there is much overlap.
Definition
Irritant contact; Allergic contact
Term
What type of Ag are usually involved in allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Haptens (simple chemicals) that become complete Ag's on union w/ host proteins
Term
What cells are involved w/ Ag presentation in allergic contact dermatitis? What type of HS is involved?
Definition
Langerhans' cells; Type 4 (CMI)
Term
What inside allergens are implicated in allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Detergents, dyes, anti-oxidants used in carpet manufacture
Term
What external allergens are involved in allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Grass, Weeds, Weed killers, Fertilizers
Term
When is foliage more allergenic?
Definition
Recently cut or wet
Term
Allergic contact dermatitis is almost exclusively in _____, w/ occasional cases in _____.
Definition
Dogs; Horses
Term
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs w/ _____% the frequency of atopic dermatitis.
Definition
5%
Term
On what parts of the body is allergic contact dermatitis manifested?
Definition
Hairless parts
Term
What is the primary eruption in allergic contact dermatitis? How often is it present?
Definition
Maculopapular; Always
Term
Allergic contact dermatitis is always _____, but variably so.
Definition
Pruritic
Term
What occurs in chronic cases of allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Hyperpigmentation; Lichenification
Term
What secondary infection is commonly present w/ allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Staphylococcal (restricted to involved area)
Term
What is the best confirmation of allergic contact dermatitis Dx?
Definition
Histopathological changes
Term
In attempting to Dx allergic contact dermatitis, what will also improve if the dog is kenneled?
Definition
Atopy
Term
How is the allergen implicated in allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Selective environmental challenge; Patch tests
Term
What is the Tx for allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Remove allergen; Remove pet from environment; Oral corticosteroids; Topical corticosteroids; Pentoxifylline
Term
What is the best topical corticosteroid for allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
Hydrocortisone aceponate
Term
What insects are involved w/ hymenoptera HS?
Definition
Bees, wasps, hornets
Term
What mediates the anaphylactic rxn in hymenoptera HS? What is a possible result?
Definition
IgE; Death
Term
What causes local swelling in hymenoptera HS? Where is it life-threatening?
Definition
Angioedema; Oropharyngeal region
Term
What Tx are used for anaphylaxis?
Definition
IV epinephrine w/ IV corticosteroids
Term
What Tx is used for angioedema?
Definition
Injectable corticosteroids (IM)
Term
With what HS are similar rxn to hymenoptera HS seen?
Definition
Fire ant HS
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