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General Dermatology Terms
Dermatology - 10/12/11
41
Medical
Graduate
11/10/2011

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Cards

Term
Clubbing
Definition
Distorted angle of nail bed, and swelling of fingertips.  Primarily idiopathic with no pathology.  Can also be associated with a hypoxic lung, cardiovascular or liver disease.  Its presence is nonspecific
Term
Annular
Definition
Ring with Central Clearing
Term
Reticulated
Definition
Lacy or networked pattern
Term
Cystic
Definition
Fluid Filled
Term
Indurated
Definition
Hard, fixed lesion
Term
Verrocous
Definition
Irregular rough pebbly shaped
Term
Umbilicated
Definition
Lesoins with a central indentation
Term
macule
Definition

 

·         circumscribed, flat discoloration that measures <1 cm and are nonpalpable

Ex. Becker’s nevus

Term
Patch
Definition
flat, circumscribed, discolored, and nonpalpable lesion  >1 cm.  BIG MACULE
Term
Papule
Definition

·         – raised macule.  Confined to the dermis.

o   Wart – papule with scales.

Term
Plaque
Definition

 

·         – circumscribed, elevated, superficial, and solid lesion > 1cm.  Epidermis only.

Psoriasis – presents as plaques

 

Term
Nodule
Definition

 

·         circumscribed, elevated, and solid lesion that goes into dermis. Must squeeze it to differentiate from plaque.  If it is just papule, you will only get the papule.  If it is a nodule, you will feel it deep into the dermis.

Neurofibromatosis – example of nodule and can be either superficial or deep.

Term
Pustule
Definition

 

·         – circumscribed collection of leukocytes that varies in size. (pimple)

Folliculitis are examples of pustules with erythematous base

Term
Vesicle
Definition

 

·         circumscribed lesion of fluid collection up to 1 cm.  Epidermis only

Ex.  Herpes Simplex – usually presents as collections of vesicles

Term
Bulla (Blister)
Definition

·         – a large vesicle.  More then 1 cm.

o   Herpes Zoster

Term
Wheal (Hive)
Definition

·         – Uticaria - firm edematous plaque resulting from the infiltration of dermis with fluid

Term
Crust (scab)
Definition

 

·         collection of dried serum and cellular debris

Impetigo – scabs surrounding the mouth

Term
Eschar
Definition
– Think palpable upraised, irregular, dry and necrotic tissue.  BLACK.  This is not a scab.  Must operate to remove and get to active flesh
Term
Erosion
Definition

 

·         Focal loss of epidermis.  Does not penetrate into dermis/epidermis junction. 

 

o   Ex. Tinea Pedis – athletes foot

Heals without scarring

Term
Ulcer
Definition

·         – loss of epidermis into dermis.  Results in scarring

o   Chancroid.  Ulcers on the penis.  Differentiated from chancroid by the illiciting of pain.  Syphillis doesn’t hurt.

Term
Fissure
Definition

·         Linear loss of epidermis that extends into the dermis.  Nearly vertical walls

o   Ex. Eczema – hypersensitivity reaction with prolonged inflammation

Term
Atrophy
Definition

·         Depression in the skin resulting from the thinning of the epidermis or dermis

Ex.  Caused by over application of topical and intralesional steroids

Term
Scar (cicatrix)
Definition
abnormal formation of CT implying dermis damage.  With time, become white and atrophic
Term
Keloid (hypertrophic scar)
Definition
true keloid continues to grow after wound is healed.
Term
Exoriation
Definition
erosion caused by scratching. Linear.
Term
Comedone
Definition
the plugging of the hair opening via sebaceous and keratinous material.  Follicle may become dilated (blackhead) or narrowed (whitehead)
Term
Milia
Definition
small superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening
Term
Cyst
Definition
circumscribed lesion with wall and lumen.  May contain fluid or solid matter
Term
Burrow
Definition
narrow, elevated, tortuous channel created by parasite.
Term
Lichenification
Definition
– area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching.  The surface looks like a washboard.
Term
Telangiectasia
Definition
dilated superficial blood vessels with skin thinning.
Term
Petechiae
Definition

·         circumscribed and upraised deposit of blood less than .5 cm that does not blanch

Term
Pupuria
Definition

·         – circumscribed, upraised deposit of blood greater than .5 cm that does not blanch

Term
Ecchymosis
Definition
bruises, more extensive than pupura, round, or irregular and flat.
Term
Erythema
Definition
diffuse redness of the skin caused by inflammation
Term
Dermatographism
Definition
focal uticaria in an area recently scratched or rubbed.
Term
Darier’s sign
Definition
rapid swelling of a lesion after pressure is applied.
Term
Nikolsky’s sign
Definition
epidermal shearing with minimal lateral pressure in seemingly uninvolved skin.
Term
Auspitz Sign
Definition
appearance of multifocaol pinpoint bleeding after removal of a plaque or crust.  Says you are in viable skin.
Term
Koebner phenomenon
Definition
appearance of lesions along areas of irritation
Term
Maceration
Definition
softening and whitening of skin that is constantly wet.  Due to chronic water exposure, edema, ointments or barrier dressings.
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