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Derm Pathophys 1
Derm Pathophys
62
Medical
Graduate
02/13/2012

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Term
3 layers of skin
Definition
Epidermis, dermis, subcutis
Term
Layers of epidermis (external --> internal)
Definition
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale
Term
What type of cell are keratinocytes and where are they found?
Definition
Squamous cells, epidermis
Term
What layers are the Stratum Basale attached to and how?
Definition
Bottom - Dermis - Hemidesmosomes
Top - Spinous Layer - Desmosome
Term
Where are Rete ridges found and what is their function?
Definition
Stratum Basale, increase dermis-epidermis contact surface area
Term
In what layer are Melanocytes & Merkel cells found?
Definition
Stratum Basale
Term
What are Merkel cells?
Definition
Slow adapting touch receptors
Term
WHat is the origin of Melanocytes?
Definition
Neural Crest (ectoderm)
Term
What does skin color depend on?
Definition
# & size of melanosomes
Term
What enzyme is melanin made by?
Definition
Tyrosinase
Term
What are melanosomes and where do they come from?
Definition
Melanin pigment granules, supplied by melanocytes
Term
Where are Langerhans cells found?
Definition
Stratum Spinosum
Term
Function of Langerhans cells?
Definition
Antigen presenting, immune system
Term
What does hydroquinone do and how?
Definition
"Bleaches" skin by inhibiting tyrosinase
Term
What are the 3 locations in which Vit D is synthesized?
Definition
Skin, Liver, Kidney
Term
What does UVB interact with in the synthesis of Vit D?
Definition
7-dehydrocholesterol
Term
In which layers of the skin is Vit D synthesized?
Definition
Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum
Term
In which epidermal layer do cells begin to flatten out?
Definition
Stratum granulosum
Term
What is secreted in the Stratum Granulosum?
Definition
Odland bodies - intracellular lipid membranes
Term
3 components of Odland bodies?
Definition
ceramide, fatty acids, cholesterol
Term
In which epidermal layer due nuclei disappear and what is it called when they don't?
Definition
Stratum Corneum, parakeratosis
Term
Which dermal layer interlocks w the rete ridge of epidermis?
Definition
Papillary Dermis
Term
Which dermal layer contains hair follicles w sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, apocrine glands?
Definition
Reticular Dermis
Term
What are the molecular components of the dermis?
Definition
Collagen (type I:type 4 = 4:1 in adults), fibroblasts
Term
Difference btwn hypertrophic & keloid scars?
Definition
Hypertrophic stays within border of injury, keloid extends beyond boundary
Term
What is the Subcutis composed of?
Definition
fat lobules, fat septa
Term
2 "layers" of vascular supply to skin
Definition
Dermal-Subcutaneous Interface Plexus, Superficial Plexus
Term
From which embryological cells do the epidermis, dermis, & adnexae originate from?
Definition
Epidermis & Adnexae - ectoderm; Dermis - mesoderm
Term
How fast do fingernails grow?
Definition
0.1mm/day
Term
what is Onycholysis and what diseases is it assoc w?
Definition
separation of nail plate from nail bed; Assoc w hyperthyroidism & psoriasis
Term
WHat is a fungal infxn of the nail called?
Definition
Onychomycosis
Term
Where in the hair follicle are stem cells found?
Definition
the Buldge (insertion of arrector pili)
Term
What are Lanugo hairs?
Definition
Baby hairs that fall out after birth
Term
What are the 3 steps of the hair cycle?
Definition
Anagen (growing), Catagen (transition), Telogen (resting)
Term
Which part of the hair cycle is the longest (it's duration determines hair length) & is affected by chemo?
Definition
Anagen
Term
How many hairs are on the scalp & how many are lost per day?
Definition
100,000; 100-150 lost per day
Term
What do sebaceous glands secrete & what does this substance contain?
Definition
Sebum; contains triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol
Term
What is sebum secretions stimulated by?
Definition
androgens
Term
Where are sebaceous glands NOT found?
Definition
Palms & Soles
Term
On what 4 body parts are sebaceous glands NOT assoc w hair follicles?
Definition
Eyelid, Buccal Mucosa & Vermillion Border, Prepuce, Female Areolas
Term
4 parts of the body where Apocrine glands are found?
Definition
Axillae, Anogenital, Areole, external Auditory canal
Term
What disease causes chronic infection/inflammation of apocrine glands?
Definition
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Term
What is secreted by the Eccrine duct (2)?
Definition
Hypotonic sweat, Merocrines
Term
Which gland is innervated by cholinergic but sympathetic innervation?
Definition
Eccrine
Term
How is hyperhidrosis treated and which gland/duct does it target?
Definition
Botox, eccrine duct (cholinergic but sympathetic)
Term
What is Miliaria?
Definition
Clogged sweat ducts
Term
Do Erosions scar? Why or why not?
Definition
No, do not involve dermis
Term
Do Ulcers scar? Why or why not?
Definition
Yes, involve dermis & stimulate fibroblasts
Term
The 2 antibacterial proteins of the skin?
Definition
Cathelicidins & b-defensins
Term
Which skin cell secretes cytokines?
Definition
Keratinocytes
Term
What are the "bricks & mortar" of the skin?
Definition
Keratinocytes & Odland Bodies
Term
Difference btwn 1st & 2nd degree burn?
Definition
1st - erythema, desquamation; 2nd - edema, vesicle, can scar
Term
How can a burn cause electrolyte abnormalities?
Definition
via fluid loss
Term
Difference btwn 3rd & 4th degree burns?
Definition
3rd - full thickness skin & some fat; 4th - full skin, subcutis, tendons
Term
Where do "bed sores" cause the most damage?
Definition
Underneath skin (not @ surface)
Term
Difference btwn Stage 2 & 3 of pressure ulcer staging?
Definition
2 - erosion; 3 - ulcer (dermis & subcutaneous)
Term
What is the initial healing of a wound consist of?
Definition
Collagen III & Fibronectin
Term
Wounds never gain more than what % of intact unwounded skin?
Definition
80%
Term
Where do reserve Basal Keratinocytes for re-epithelialization & re-pigmentation of wounds come from?
Definition
Adnexae
Term
What are skin lesions in areas of uninvolved skin after trauma called?
Definition
Koebner Phenomenon
Term
What heals faster - a blister or an erosion?
Definition
Blister
Term
2 skin conditions assoc w Koebner Phenomenon?
Definition
Psoriasis & Lichen Planus
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