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dendro
tree id characteristics
37
Science
Undergraduate 4
12/19/2011

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Term
ericaceae-heath family
Definition
deciduous or persist, capsule, berry or drupe, trees, shrubs vines and herbs
Term
Sapotaceae-sapodilla family
Definition
trees/shrubs with milky sap, alt, simple, coreacious with cross shaped hairs, evergreen or deciduous, berry with 1 to several large seeds
Term
Ebanaceae-Ebony family
Definition
alt, entire, veinantion is reticulate, plump berry with large, flat seeds, edible
Term
Styracaceae-Storax family
Definition
shrubs/small trees, alt, simple, stellate hairs, capsule or dry fleshy drupe, bark is resinous
Term
Rosaceae-Rose Family
Definition
trees shrubs, vines and herbs

agriculturally $$, ornamentals

deciduous/persistent, alt, simple, unifoliate or compound, stipules often leafy, hypanthium present,fruit is a pome, drupe, capsule, follicle, achene
Term
Fabaceae-Legume Family
Definition
trees, shrubs, lianas and herbs
3rd largest fmaily of flowering plants
2nd only to grasses in $$ importance

clover, alfalfa, bean, peanuts, peas, ect

N fixing roots

alt, compound pinnate or bipinnate, entire or serrate margins, fruit is legume, pod, samara achenes, drupes, berries, indehiscent legumes,
Term
Elaeagnaceae-Oleaster family
Definition
N fixing shrubs or trees

decid or evgreen, often covered in silvery or brown stellate hairs or scales (lepidote) on leaves and twigs.
Fruit: dry achene surrounded by a fleshy calyx tube, (drupe-like)
Term
Myrtaceae-Myrtle Family
Definition
evergreen, coriaceous, punctate, alt, strongly aromatic when crushed, sometimes pollinated by bats, berry or capsule
Term
Cornaceae-Dogwoods
Definition
decid, alt or opp, simple, entire, estipulate, drupe or berry
Term
Celastraceae-staff-tree family
Definition
simple, entire to serrulate, estipulate, fruit is a capsule, often brightly colored, seeds covered with a bright aril
Term
Aquifoliaceae-Holly Family
Definition
trees and shrubs

usually evergreen, alt, simple, stipulate

fruit is a drupe with several stones (pyrenes)

Ilex with black, triangular stipules
Term
Euphorbiaceae-Spurge Family
Definition
$$ timber, rubber, castorbean oil, tung oil, tapioca, poinsettia, dyes, tallows

decid, alt, simple, leaves with 2 glands on upper petiole below blade, milky sap (sometimes poisonous), fruit is a capsule
Term
Rhamnaceae-Buckhorn family
Definition
timber and pharmaceuticals

trees, shrubs, lianas and herbs

toxic glycosides

fruit is a fleshy, several-seeded to 1 seeded drupe or capsule
Term
Vitaceae-Grape Family
Definition
woody vines/lianas, shrubs, herbs

tendrils for climbing, distichous or spiral, gland-dotted, simple or compound

fruit: fleshy, indehiscent 4 seeded berry
Term
Staphyleaceae-bladdernut family
Definition
ornamental or chinese medicine, trees/shrubs

opp, compound, pinnately veined, serrate or dentate,

fruit is agg or not, dehis or indehis, or an inflated, apically dehis capsule, berry or drupe
Term
Sapindaceae-Soapberry family
Definition
lychee

persist/decid, spiral or alt, pinn, bipinn, palm or simple, toxic saponins, some with milky sap

fruit: berry, drupe, schizocarp, capsule, nut or samara/ double samara
Term
Anacardiaceae-Cashew
Definition
mostly shrubs

drugs, dyes, waxes and tannins, some timber, pistachios, cashews, mangos, smoke tree

decid/persist, alt, simple or comp,

fruit is drupe or nut like
Term
simaroubaceae-bitterwood family
Definition
insecticides and medicines
trees/shrubs
alt, pinn comp, unifoliate or simple
Term
meliaceae-mahogany family
Definition
neem, cabinet and furniture,
trees and shrubs
decid or persist, alt, simple to pinn and bi pinn, leaflets oblique

fruit: capsule or drupe
Term
rutaceae-rue family
Definition
bitter tasting, aromatic volatile oils

horticulturally $$$

decid/persist glandular punctate dots, aromatic with lemony odor when crushed, fruit is a drupe, follicle, samara or hesperidium

pulp is enlarged hairs
Term
araliaceae-ginseng
Definition
herbs, shrubs, woody vines, trees

ornamental/medicinal

alt, leaves often large, simple or pinn comp,

fruit is berry, drupe or schizocarp
Term
oleaceae-olive family
Definition
trees and shrubs
ornamentals

odd pinn comp, leaflets serrate or entire, 1 seeded samara with an elongated wing, bundle scars unique
Term
scrophulariaceae-figwort family
Definition
mostly herbs, some shrubs and some trees
medicinal$$ bc of glycosides
ornamentals
Term
paulowniaceae
Definition
princess tree
leaves large decid, opp, fruit is a dehis capsule with winged margins, brown or clear, castinet
Term
Bignoniaceae-trumpet creeper
Definition
fish bait, decay resistant wood

decid, usually opp or whorled,
capsule or berry like, seeds winged
Term
Rubiaceae- coffee/madder family
Definition
trees,shrubs,vines and herbs
opp and decussate, gland dotted or not, fruit is a fleshy or non fleshy dehis or indehis achene, nutlet, drupelet, capsule, berry, seeds rarely winged
Term
caprifoliaceae-honeysuckle family
Definition
shrubs and small trees, some herbs and wines

evgreen or decid, petiolate, lamina dissected or entire, fleshy or not, dehis or not, capsule or achene like berry or drupe
Term
liliopsida-monocots
Definition
1 cotyledon
mostly parallel leaf veination
vascular bundles scattered through stem


3 orders
Term
arecaceae-palm
Definition
trees, shrubs and woody vines

unbranched trunks, subterranian,

shelter, construction,fiber, wax and oils

dense terminal rosettesmpetiole may be prickly, fruit is 1 seeded fleshy/fibrous drupe

important
Term
poaceae-grass
Definition
bamboos, hollow stems, a grain with a single seed, clumping or running important for lots of uses
Term
agavaceae-century plants
Definition
short stemmed herbs with basal rosettes or sparsely and irreg branches trees with terminal rosettes, leaves stiff and succulent

fiber, hemp, mescal or tequila
Term
smilacaceae-catbrier
Definition
shrubs, vines, perrenial rhizomatous or tuberous tendrils from petiole bases,

evergreen, leathery, rarely sheathing, fetid or not, one veined or palmately veined

fleshy 3 seeded berry
Term
cycadales
Definition
rosettes of large pinn divided leaves, seeds born on modified leaves, pollinated by beetles, strong odor,
Term
taxales- yew
Definition
spirals, w or wo resin canals,
entire or partly surrounded by arils
Term
pinales-conifers
Definition
timber, pulps, turpentine, rosin, bark, orn, xmas, wildlife, eco
Term
pinaceae
Definition
spirally arranged, fasciles, acicular, some with spur shoots, cones or bracts
Term
cupressaceae-redwoods/cypress
Definition
trees/ shrubs, aromatic or resinous
alt, opp or decussate, subulate, scale leaves, subulate juvenile
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