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Dementia
Lecture 13 and Conference
17
Medical
Graduate
04/09/2011

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Cards

Term
what cortical regions are involved in early to late Alzheimer's?
Definition
entorrhinal cortex, hippocampus -> superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex -> prefrontal cortex -> calcarine cortex
Term
what neurotransmitter pathways are degenerated in AD?
Definition
nucleus basalis (Ach), locus coeruleus (CA), substantia nigra (DA), dorsal raphe nucleus (5-HT)
Term
visual hallucinations, extrapyramidal features, unresponsive to levodopa; dx?
Definition
DLB
Term
histological finding on DLB
Definition
alpha-synuclein+ Lewy bodies particularly in the substantia nigra (and atrophy of hippocampus)
Term
what 2 dementias are NOT tauopathies?
Definition
vascular and DLB
Term
forgetfulness, apathy, mild hypomimia, bradykinetic, blunted affect, slow and monotonous speech; dx?
Definition
FTD
Term
what chromosomes can be involved in familial FTD?
Definition
chrom 17 (tau), 3, 9, and 1 (TDP-43)
Term
gross findings of Pick's disease
Definition
asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy with sparing of posterior superior temporal gyrus
Term
1. 3 tauopathies with dementia only
2. 2 tauopathies with dementia and Parkinsonism
Definition
1. AD, FTD, traumatic encephalopathy
2. progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration
Term
severity of AD correlates best with ...
Definition
synaptic loss
Term
major risk factors for AD
Definition
age, family hx, apoE4 allele
Term
histological findings in AD
Definition
neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, senile plaques (neuritic and diffuse)
Term

1. what are neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads composed of? 2. what are senile plaques composed of?

3. Lewy bodies?

Definition

1. tau

2. beta-amyloid core +/- neurites

3. alpha-synuclein

Term
3 mutations and their chromosomes that can cause autosomal dominant AD
Definition
APP (chrom 21), presenilin-1 (chrom 14), presenilin-2 (chrom 1)
Term
what processing of APP is required to generate beta-amyloid?
Definition
beta and gamma secretase
Term
what AD drug is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
Definition
donepezil
Term
what disease is a continuum of ALS?
Definition
FTD
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