Details Title: Deductive and Inductive Arguments Description: Philosophical crap Total Flash Cards: 9 Created: 09/20/2009 16:42:48		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Philosophy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Inference based on Mathematics Definition reasoning based on numerical computation (not statistics) Premise - numerical computation ↓ Conclusion - claim based on the computation Term Valid Deductive Syllogism Definition reasoning from two (and only two) premises to a conclusion that follows with certainty from them   Premise Premise ↓ Conclusion Term Argument by Analogy Definition Reasoning based on the similarity between two things or states of affairs   Premise - Object X has characteristics p, q, and r Premise - Object Y has characteristics p, q ↓ Conclusion - Object Y has characteristics r   Term Causal Inference Definition reasoning from a cause to the effect or from an effect to the cause   Premise - Cause ↓ Conclusion - Effect OR Premise - Effect ↓ Conclusion - Cause Term Induction by Confirmation Definition reasoning that a hypothesis is true based on observations that confirm the predictions which were inferred by the hypothesis   Premise - If hypothesis x is true, then predicted events p, q, r should occur Premise - Event p occurs Premise - Event q occurs Premise - Event r occurs ↓ Conclusion - Hypothesis x is true Term Inductive Generalisation Definition reasoning that what is true of some cases is also true of all cases of the same kind   Premise - some cases ↓ Conclusion - all cases Term Inductive INSTANTiation Definition reasoning that what is true of most cases (but not all cases) is also true of a particular case of the same kind   Premise - most cases ↓ Conclusion - this case Term Inferences based on a sign Definition reasoning from a written or a graphic sign to a claim about the thing or situation the sign indicates or symbolises   Premise - a written or graphic sign ↓ Conclusion - a claim based on the sign Term Predictive Inference Definition reasoning that something will happen in the future based on what has happened in the present or past   Premise - what is / what was ↓ Conclusion - what will be