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DCSI 304 First Exam
First Exam Terms
66
Management
Undergraduate 4
09/10/2013

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is operations?
Definition
The part of a business organization that is responsible for producing goods or services
Term
Operations Management Definition
Definition
The management of systems or processes that create goods/services
Term
Supply Chain Definition
Definition
a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good/service
Term
Feedback (transformation process)
Definition
measurements taken at various points in the transformation process
Term
Control (transformation process)
Definition
the comparison of feedback against previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed
Term
Process Definition
Definition
one or more actions that transform inputs into outputs
Term
The 3 Catagories of Business Processes
Definition

1. upper-management process 

2. Operational process 

3. Supporting process

Term
The 4 Sources of Process Variation
Definition

1. Variety of goods/services being offered 

2. Structural variation in demand 

3. Random variation 

4. Assignable variation

Term
The Operations Function
Definition
Consists of all activities DIRECTLY related to producing goods/services
Term
Primary Functions of the Operations Manager
Definition

To guide the system by making: 

1. System design decisions 

2. System operation decisions 

Term
System Definition
Definition
A set of interrelated parts that must work together
Term
What is the Systems Approach
Definition

Emphasizes interrelationships among subsystems 

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" 

 

Term
Competitiveness Definition
Definition
How effectively an organization meets the needs and wants of customers relative to others that offer similiar goods/services
Term
Strategy Definition
Definition
A plan for achieving an organizational goal
Term
Organizational Strategies vs. Functional Level Strategies
Definition

Organizational: Strategies that relate to the entire organization 

Functional Level: Strategies that relate to each of the functional areas and support achievement of the organizational strategy 

Term
Core Competencies Definition
Definition
The special attributes or abilities that give an organization a competitive edge
Term
Order Qualifiers
Definition
Characteristics that customers perceive as minimum standards of acceptability to be considered as a potential purchase
Term
Order Winners
Definition
Characteristics of an organization's goods or services that cause it to be perceived as better than the competition
Term
Operations Strategy Definition
Definition
The approach, consistent with organization strategy, that is used to guide the operations function
Term
Quality-based Strategy vs. Time-based Strategy
Definition

Quality based: focuses on quality in all phases of an organization 

Time based: focuses on reduction of time needed to accomplish tasks

Term

Productivity Definition

 

Definition
A measure of the effective use of resources, usually expressed as the ratio of output to input
Term
Productivity Growth Formula
Definition

Current Productivity - Previous Productivity 

________________________________________ X 100%

Previous Productivity

Term
Mass Customization
Definition
A strategy of producing basically standardized goods/services, but incorporating some degree of customization in the final good/service
Term
Modular Design
Definition
A form of standardization in which component parts are grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged
Term
Reliability Definition
Definition
The ability of a product, part, or system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions
Term
Robust Design
Definition
A design that can function over a broad range of conditions
Term
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
Definition
The designing of products that are compatible with an organization's abilities
Term
Design for Assembly
Definition
Design that focuses on reducing the number of parts in a product and on assembly methods and sequence
Term
Service Blueprint
Definition

Three step process: Draw flow, Label steps, Solve

 

Identifies all interactions with the customer, possible fail points, as well as techniques to avoid failures, and recover if failure occurs 

 

Has 3 sections 

Term
The Four Types of Processing
Definition

1. Job shop - customized goods/services (Emergency room) 

2. Batch - semi-standardized goods/services (Bakery) 

3. Repetitive/Assembly - standardized goods/services (A Carwash) 

4. Continuous - Highly standardized goods/services (Petrolium Refinery) 

Term

The Four Basic Layout Types 

 

Definition

1. Product Layouts 

2. Process Layouts (Functional Layouts) 

3. Fixed-position Layouts 

4. Combination Layouts 

Term
Product Layout
Definition

Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow

 

Used for repetitive/continuous processing 

Term
Process Layout (Functional Layout)
Definition

A layout that can handle varied processing requirements (Like a hospital) 

 

Used for intermittent processing - Job Shop or Batch 

Term
Fixed Position Layout
Definition

A layout in which the product or project remains stationary while workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed 

(Like shipbuilding) 

Term
Flow Time Analysis: Cycle Time
Definition

The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit 

 

Also establishes the output rate of a line 

Term
Output Rate Formula
Definition

Operating time per day 

___________________________

 

Cycle time

Term
Cycle Time Formula
Definition

Operating time per day 

__________________________

 

Desired output rate 

Term

Required Number of Workstations is a Function of: 

 

Definition

Desired output rate 

 

The ability to combine tasks into a workstation 

Term

Theoretical Minimum Number of Stations Formula

 

Definition

Look in PowerPoint or on Study guide 

 

May be given on formula sheet for exam 

Term

Precedence Diagram Definition

 

Definition

A diagram that shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements 

(Like A and B must be completed before C can start) 

Term

Balance Delay Definition + Formula 

 

Definition

Percentage of idle time of a line 

 

 

Idle time per cycle 

__________________________________

 

Actual number of stations X Cycle time 

Term

Efficiency Definition + Formula 

 

Definition

Percentage of busy time of a line 

 

 

Efficiency = 100% - Balance delay 

Term
Projects Definition and Description
Definition

Unique, one-time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited time-frame 

 

Project life cycle 

1. Definition 

2. Planning 

3. Execution 

4. Delivery

Term
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Definition

A hierarchical listing of what must be done during a project's life cycle 

 

(Like a Gantt chart) 

Term
CPM and PERT
Definition

Critical Path Method 

(To find longest time it takes to make good) 

 

Program Evaluation and Review Technique 

(Network Diagram) 

Term
Network Diagrams (AOA and AON)
Definition

Activity on Arrow (AOA) - network diagram where arrows designate activities 

 

Activity on Node (AON) - network diagram where nodes designate activities 

Term
Flow-time Efficiency Formula
Definition

Theoretical Flow Time 

________________________

 

Average Flow Time

Term

Lead Time Definition 

 

Definition
The time between ordering a good/service and recieving it
Term
Pareto Phenomenon
Definition
When a few factors account for a high percentage of the occurence of some events
Term
Six Sigma
Definition
A process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction
Term
Value Added Definition
Definition
The difference between the cost of inputs and the value or price of the outputs
Term
SWOT Acronym
Definition
Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Term
Process Strcture: 5 Elements
Definition

1. Inputs 

2. Labor and capital resources 

3. Information structure 

4. Process Management 

5. Outputs 

Term
Operational Effectiveness
Definition
How well processes provide product attributes
Term
Flow Unit
Definition
A unit flowing through a process
Term
Three Key Questions Regarding Process Flows
Definition

1. On average how much time is a flow unit in a process? 

2. On average how many flow untis/time pass through the process? 

3. On average, how many flow units are within the process? 

 

Term
Operational Measures: Little's Law
Definition

T = flow time - total time a flow unit is in process 

R = throughput = Flow rate - the number of flow untis that flow through a specific point of the process per unit of time

 

Little's Law: I (inventory) = R x T 

Term
Average Flow Time
Definition
Average time needed to convert inputs into outputs - T
Term
Inventory Definition
Definition
Number of flow units present within process boundaries at time T - I(t)
Term

Turnover Ratio 

 

Definition

Ratio of throughput to average inventory 

 

R/I = 1/T by Little's Law 

 

Express R in terms of COGS 

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