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Day 6 for Wednesday's Hunger Game Quiz
Day 6 for Wednesday's Hunger Game Quiz
61
Physiology
12th Grade
04/26/2013

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Term
Mental retardation
Definition
condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
Term
Stereotype threat
Definition
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Term
Motivation
Definition
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Term
Instinct
Definition
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Term
Drive-reduction theory
Definition
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Term
Incentive
Definition
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Term
Hierarchy of needs
Definition
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Term
Glucose
Definition
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
Term
Lateral hypothalamus
Definition
when this brain part is stimulated, we want to eat; produces orexin
Term
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Definition
when this brain part is stimulated, it depresses hunger
Term
Grehlin
Definition
hunger-arousing hormone
Term
Leptin
Definition
hunger-dampening chemical
Term
PYY
Definition
suppresses appetite
Term
Set point
Definition
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set
Term
Basal metabolic rate
Definition
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Term
Anorexia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
Term
Bulimia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Term
Sexual response cycle
Definition
the four stages of sexual responding described by Master and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Term
Refractory period
Definition
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Term
Sexual disorder
Definition
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Term
Estrogen
Definition
a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males
Term
Testosterone
Definition
the most important of the male sex hormones; in males more than females
Term
Sexual orientation
Definition
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex
Term
Fraternal birth order effect
Definition
the odds of homosexuality increase as more sons are born
Term
Simon LeVay
Definition
found that cell clusters in the hypothalamus of homosexuals were larger than those of heterosexuals
Term
anterior cingulate cortex
Definition
Ostracism stimulates what part of brain, which feels physical pain?
Term
Jean Twenge
Definition
conducted experiment telling people they will be either alone in life or will have lots of rewarding relationships
Term
Flow
Definition
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
Term
Psychological contract
Definition
subjective sense of mutual obligations between workers and employers
Term
Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology
Definition
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Term
Personnel psychology
Definition
a subfield of I/O psych that focuses on an employee, recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
Term
Organizational psychology
Definition
a subfield of I/O psych that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
Term
Strength
Definition
any enduring quality that can be productively applied
Term
Buckingham and Clifton
Definition
first step to a stronger organization is using a strengths-based selection system
Term
Interviewer illusion
Definition
interviewers think they are better at interviewing people than they really are
Term
Structured interviews
Definition
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Term
360-degree feedback
Definition
peer, customer, self, subordinate, and supervisor rating
Term
Halo errors
Definition
one's overall evaluation of an employee is tainted because of evaluating work-specific behaviors based on a trait
Term
Leniency and severity errors
Definition
evaluator's tendencies to be too easy or harsh on everyone
Term
Recency errors
Definition
raters focus only on easily remembered recent behavior
Term
Achievement motivation
Definition
a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
Term
Task leadership
Definition
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Term
Social leadership
Definition
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
Term
Voice effect
Definition
if given the chance to voice their opinion during a decision-making process, people will respond more positively to the decision
Term
Emotion
Definition
a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory
Definition
theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
Term
Two-factor Theory
Definition
Schachter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
Term
Catharsis
Definition
emotional release that relieves aggressive urges
Term
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
Definition
people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
Term
Subjective well-being
Definition
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with the measures of objective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life
Term
Adaption-level phenomenon
Definition
our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Term
Relative deprivation
Definition
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
Term
Behavioral medicine
Definition
an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease
Term
Health psychology
Definition
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
Term
Stressor
Definition
certain events that cause the stress
Term
Stress
Definition
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Term
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Definition
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Term
Coronary heart disease
Definition
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries
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