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DAT
Barrons Review (Evolution)
17
Biology
Graduate
10/10/2011

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Cards

Term
Evolutionary Order
Definition
bryophytes → gymnosperms → angiosperms
Term
Adaptive Radiation
Definition
divergent evolution
Term
Allopatric speciation
Definition
– forming of a new species through the geographic isolation of groups from the parent population (alla-geo)
Term
Homologous Structures
Definition
same evolutionary origin; same basic anatomical feature; ex wings of bat, flipper of whale, forelegs of horses, arms of man
Term
analogous structures
Definition
DIFFERENT origins; have similar functions w/ different patterns of development; wings of fly and wings of bird
Term
comparative embryology
Definition
stages of development of embryo resemble stages in an organism’s evolutionary history; human embryo passes through stages that demonstrate common ancestry – 2 layer gastrula of hydra (cnidaria) and 3 layer gastrula similar to flatworm
Term
vestigial structures
Definition
structures that appear to be useless but had ancestral function; ex humans (appendix and tail), horses (splints), python (legs reduced to bones)
Term
mullerian mimicry
Definition
two or more harmful species that are not closely related, and share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other's warning signals
Term
batesian mimicry
Definition
deceptive; harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a common predator
Term
Lamarckian Evolution
Definition
he was wrong; amount of change based on “use and disuse” of the organ; “inheritance of acquired characteristics” (useful characteristic of one generation was transmitted to the next)
Term
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Definition
pressures in the environment select for the organism most fit to survive and reproduce
• Chance variations occur b/c of mutation and recombination
• If the variation is “selected for” by the environment, that individual will be more “fit” and more likely to survive and reproduce
• Survival of the Fittest leads to an increase of favorable genes in the gene pool
Term
Gene Pool
Definition
all the alleles for any given trait in the population
Term
Hardy Weinberg Principal
Definition
evolution can be viewed as changing gene frequencies within a population; when gene frequency NOT changing => gene pool stable => NO evolution; this only happens under the FOLLOWING IDEAL situation:
1. Population is very LARGE – (no change in allele frequency – random drift)
2. NO mutations that affect gene pool
3. Random mating
4. NO net migration in/ out of population
5. NO natural selection - Genes in population are all equally successful in reproducing
Term
Hardy Weinberg equation
Definition
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p2 = frequency of TT // 2pq = frequency of Tt // q2 = frequency of tt
Term
K-selected Population
Definition
members have low reproductive rates and are roughly constant in size (ex. human population)
Term
R-selected population
Definition
– rapid growth, numerous offspring, fast maturation, little postnatal care (ex. bacteria)
Term
Stanley L. Miller
Definition
demonstrated that the application of uv, heat, or a combination of these to a mix of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and water could result in complex organic compounds; primordial soup
• early atmosphere = CONHS (NH3, H2S, CH4)
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