Anthropolgy is

The study of humankind everywhere, throughout time

The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next is

enculturation

Human' major mode of adaptation, which enables them to live effectively in diverse enviroments is

Culture

The primates most closely related to human beings are the

Chimpanzees and bonobos

But the "Multireginal Hypothesis" and the "Recent African Origins" theories place human origins firmly in

Africa

Gender is distinguished apart from sex and sexuality in as much as it is largely based upon

Learned societal roles

A man who marries several sisters is practicing

sororal polygyny

If you belong to a publicly recognized social entity by virtue of being a lineal descendant of a particular ancestor, you are a member of

Descent group

The offspring of same sex simblings are

Parallel cousins

If the kinship model is matrlineal, residency is nearly always

Matrilocal

The five subfields of anthropology include physical anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology,

linguistics and applied anthropology

What statement about society and culture is INCORRECT

Culture cannot exist without society

The theory that holds that the incest taboos derive from siblings not being romantically or sexually attracted to one another is known as the

aversion theory

Marriage is a contract between _____ that establishes the social identity and legal standing of any children, sets out the obligations between parties and governs prperty rights.

Two or more people

Polyandry is defined as a marriage of

One wife and plural husbands

_____ kinship is recognized by contract, whereas _____ kinship is recognized by blood relationship.

Consangunial, affinal

What is NOT a function of the family?

reinforcement of the necessity of marriage

Race is

A social construct with no real biological basis

The belief that the ways of ones' own cuture are the only truly correct and/or proper one is

ethnocentricism

Enculturation is a form of

socialization

True/False

In bilateral/bilineal kinship descent groups all relatives are recognized only on the grandmothers descent line.

False

True/False

Thugh one's sex is culturally determinded, one's sexual identity or gender is biologically constructed

False

True/False

The biological concept of race is useful for studying physical variation in the human species

 False

True/False

Most of the world's cultures have strict rules governing sexual behavior.

False

True/False

Although the family is not universal, the household is

True

True/False

Patrilineal is when the husband goes to live with his wife's parents household

False

True/False

The parent-child bond appears to provide the basis for the structural social groups called descent groups

True

True/False

The Hawaiian kinship model is generational

True

True/False

A persons gender is based solely upon their sex

False

True/False

Holism distinguishes Anthropology from other social science disciplines

True

A system of communication based upon a symbol is called a

language

Humans talk, while much communicating among other primates is done through

gestures

The term "core values" refers to

those values which are emphasized by a particular culture

One husband with multiple wives is defined as

polygyny

Gender is largly determinded by

society

Those features of a culture that play a part in the society's way of making its living are called its

culture core

What is NOT one of the three elements of human social organization that developed with hunting

aggressive behavior

The cultivation of crops using hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes is a type of farming called

horticulture

Tributes, taxation and public use of accumulated resources are all eamples of

redistribution

Balanced reciprocity

involves the expectation of a specific and immediate return

Language is the use of complex ____ systems which convey a wide variety of information and ideas

dialect

Reciving a special/class status as a result of your family is

ascribed status

Reciprocal economic exchanges differ from redistrbution and market exchanges by

giving items without specifying what is expected in return

Gender is distinguished apart from sex and sexuality in as much as it is largely based upon

assumed societal roles

The form of social organization typical of the hunter-gatherer is the ___ whereas horticulture and pastoralism are usually associated with the form of social organization called the ____

band/tribe

Sanctions refer to

externalized social controls

___ occurs when two societies with different cultures come into prolonged, first hand contact, and one or both of these societies experience major processes of change

Acculturation

The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only truly correct and/or proper one is

Ethnocentricism

The ability to influance a person or group of people to act in specific manner in matters of public concern BEST describes

Authority

Cross Cousin

The children of the opposite sex mothers brothers or Fathers Sisters

Linguistics

The study of language in order to understand a culture

Power

Able to force others to act a specific way.  This can influence a culture

Private Law

Between two people.  How thing get settled in a culture with laws that address private disputes

Dialect

Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible

Phrarty

A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry, whether or not they really do

Swidden Agriculture

Farming system where farmers move on from one place to another when the land becomes exhausted.

“Big Man”

A person who has influence over things but dose not holds a political office

Profane

Everyday life- any act that is not sacred

Sacralization

Making something mundane sacred

Clan

A group of people tracing descent from a common ancestor

Origin Myth

Is a myth that purports to describe the origin of some feature of the natural or social world?

Animism

Belief in the existence of spirits separable from bodies

Witchcraft

An explanation of events based on the belief that certain individuals possess an innate psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death.

Pastoralim

Social organization based on livestock rising as the primary economic activity

Authority

Power to influence or command thought, opinion, or behavior

Genotype

All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group

Magic

potitioning to a transendental being for a tangible result

Gender Role

A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioral norms associated particularly with males or females, in a given social group or system. It can be a form of division of labour by gender

Simpua

Brides raised by their husband's family in China, proves insest taboo

Pastoral Subsistence

the raising of grazing animals all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.

True/False

Human culture as we know it could have easily existed without language

False

True/False

Knowledge of the workings of language is essential to a full understanding of what culture is about and how it operates.

True

True/False

Attempts to teach other primates to talk like humans have not been successful

True

True/False

Private Law is often times referred to as Tort Law

True

True/False

One cannot be a leader within a given group without possissing authority or power

False

True/False

Egalitarian leadership functions best in small groups

True

True/False

If a group is well adapted to its environment, it will change very little as long as conditions remain the same

True/False

An anthropologist would probably find it difficult to define what "progress" is

True/False

Big Man feast are like conspicuous consumption in Western societies; the emphasis is one the hoarding of goods that would make them unavailable to others.

True/False

Marketplaces cannot exist without the exchange of money.

The primary means of distributing goods in a cheifdome is

A centralized political system with power to coerce is a

The number of people the resources will feed is known as

a. resoruce maximum

b. production capacity

c. carrying capacity

d. none of the above

True/False

Rites of Passage are practied in nearly all religions

True/False

Primitive Art refers to expressive forms whithin and und underdeveloped cultures

True/False

All social relations involve power

True/False

Magic is often time incorporated into all religious ceremonies

True/False

Religion is viewed most simply as an organized belief in the supernatural, and all fulfill numerous social and psychological needs.

True/False

Interest in horoscopes, witchcraft, and other kinds of occult or supernatural phenomena have incresed in the West since World War II

True/False

Profane always refers to subject matter that is generally viewed as universally offensive

True/False

Revitalization momenents attempt to recreated an often times mythical past

True/False

The word "myth" as used by anthropologist means something that is widely believed to be true but probably isn't