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CSU BMS 300 Walrond
Human Physiology Unit 3: Skin
37
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
02/17/2013

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Term
What is the layer of the epidermis that rests on the basal lamina?
Definition
Stratum basale.
Term
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Definition
The stratum corneum.
Term
What is the second outermost layer of the epidermis?
Definition
The stratum granulosum.
Term
What lies under the basal lamina?
Definition
The dermis.
Term
What is the epidermis composed of?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium resting on dense irregular connective tissues called the dermis.
Term
Where does the basal lamina come from?
Definition
It is an extracellular matrix that has been secreted by the epithelial cells themselves and by fibrocytes located in the underlying connective tissue.
Term
What are most cells found in the epidermis?
Definition
Keratinocytes.
Term
In what layer of the epidermis is glycolipid laid down? What is the purpose?
Definition
Stratum granulosum. It provides a waterproof layer.
Term
In what layer of the epidermis are cells dying?
Definition
Stratum granulosum.
Term
What layer of the epidermis contains dead cells that are essentially bags of keratin?
Definition
Stratum corneum.
Term
What are three other cells found in the epidermis besides keratinocytes?
Definition
Melanocytses, Langerhans' cells, and Merkel cells.
Term
What cells contain pigement that gives skin its color?
Definition
Melanocytes.
Term
What happens to the melanin that is secreted by the melanocytes?
Definition
It is taken up into the keratinocytes as melanin granules to pigment these cells.
Term
What makes melanocytes produce and secrete melanin?
Definition
UV rays.
Term
What is the purpose of melanocytes increasing the pigmentation of the skin?
Definition
It protects DNA in the dividing cells in the stratum basale from damaging UV rays.
Term
What are Langerhans' cells involved with?
Definition
The immune system. Provide one of the early lines of defense against foreign invaders.
Term
What are Merkel cells associated with?
Definition
Sensory nerve endings. Responsible for cutaneous sensation.
Term
What does the arrector pili muscle do?
Definition
Elevates the hair follicle when the central nervous system senses a drop in the body's core temperature.
Term
What is hair composed of?
Definition
Keratinocytes.
Term
What gives hair its color?
Definition
Melanocytes.
Term
Why can skin be thought of as a true organ?
Definition
It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
Term
What are six functions of skin?
Definition
Protection, temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic function, blood reservoir, and excretion.
Term
What is the pH of the skin? Why?
Definition
Acid. It slows the bacterial and fungal replication.
Term
What provides a waterproof barrier in the skin?
Definition
Glycolipids.
Term
What types of wastes are eliminated through sweat?
Definition
Some nitrogen-containing wastes.
Term
What does skin consist of?
Definition
Epidermis and underlying dermis.
Term
What does the underlying dermis consist of?
Definition
Connective tissue proper, fiberous connective tissue.
Term
What serves to anchor the skin to the underlying tissues?
Definition
Hypodermis.
Term
What are the primary cells of the epidermis?
Definition
Keratinocytes.
Term
What is the regenerative layer of the epidermis?
Definition
Stratum basale.
Term
What layer of the epidermis is close enough to the underlying dermis to receive nutrition from blood vessels in the dermis?
Definition
Stratum spinosum.
Term
When do epithelial cells release a glycolipid that provides the skin with its waterproofing?
Definition
As they die. This happens in the stratum granulosum.
Term
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? What does it consist of?
Definition
Stratum corneum. Dead cells.
Term
What are three appendages of the skin?
Definition
Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Term
What are the two groups of sweat glands?
Definition
Eccrine and apocrine.
Term
What do apocrine glands secrete in addition to sweat?
Definition
Fatty substances.
Term
What are the two most common cancers?
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.
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