Shared Flashcard Set

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CSIM 9
Neoplasia 5
17
Medical
Undergraduate 2
03/28/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to cancer?
Definition
1) Increased probability of initiation event
2) Increased likelihood of progression.
Term
What kinds of mendelian inheritance of cancer susceptibility are there?
Definition
1) Inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant)
2) Familial cancers
3) Defective DNA repair
4) Immune deficiency syndromes.
Term
What is an acquired preneoplastic lesion?
Definition
An identifiable local abnormality associated with an increased risk of a malignant tumour developing (majority do not lead to cancer).
Term
Which gene malfunction is involved in familial adenomatous polyposis?
Definition
The APC gene (tumour supressor gene).
Term
What causes atrophic gastritis?
Definition
Helicobacter pylori.
Term
What causes actinic keratosis?
Definition
UV radiation on the epidermis leading to squamous cell carcinoma.
Term
What causes endometrial hyperplasia?
Definition
Unopposed estrogen leads to proliferation.
Term
What causes hepatic cirrhosis?
Definition
Hepatitis B
Term
What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
Definition
A spectrum of changes in squamous epithelium of cervix which are precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Epithelial cells show features of malignancy but there is no invasion of the basement membrane.
Term
How many levels of CIN are there?
Definition
3.
Term
What screening test is used for cervical cancer?
Definition
Liquid based cytology moving towards primary HPV testing.
Term
What screening test is used for breast cancer
Definition
Mammography.
Term
What screening test is used for choriocarcinoma?
Definition
Urinary hCG.
Term
What screening test is used for colorectal cancer?
Definition
Faecal occult blood.
Term
What screening test is used for stomach cancer?
Definition
Barium studies and gastroscopy.
Term
What screening test is used for ovarian cancer?
Definition
Transvaginal ultrasound.
Term
What screening test is used for prostate cancer?
Definition
Prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen (PAP, PSA).
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