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cs101 Unit One
basic concepts
41
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
01/28/2009

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Term
Binary Code Data
Definition
what your web browser interprets, for example, as a facebook page
Term
digital computer
Definition
info processing and storage occurs using a symbolic representation of the data. Process and store info as a discrete pattern of electrical charges
Term
data
Definition
a fact pattern, for example 1 and 0
Term
computer
Definition
example: iPod, questionably abacus, laptop, Mac, PC,

--takes an input (some data), applies a process and produces an output (information)
Term
analog computer
Definition
info is processed directly in its indigenous form.
Term
symbolic representation
Definition
using a limitted set of symbols to represent any original text/info
Term
programmability
Definition
the ability to give a general-purpose computer instructions so it can perform new tasks
Term
hardware
Definition
the physical components such as the monitor, keyboard,and hard drive.
Term
software
Definition
the programs that execute on the computer, carrying out tasks such as word processing
Term
von Neumann structure
Definition
three parts: input/output devices, memory, programs.
Term
input/output devices
Definition
allow the user to communicate with the computer by entering commands and then viewing the results.
Term
memory
Definition
stores info for the computer by process
Term
programs
Definition
instructions specifying the steps necessary to complete specific tasks.
Term
CPU
Definition
central processing unit; carries out programmatic in order to process data.
Term
buses
Definition
collections of wires that carry info in form of electrical signals
Term
stored program computers
Definition
computers that use the von Neuman architecture.
Term
CPU tasks
Definition
1; fetchin program instructions for memory
2; executing those instructions
Term
world wide web
Definition
system of interlinked hypertext documents and other resources, like images, accessed via the internet
conceived by Tim Berners-Lee, 1989
Term
Uniform Resource Locator
Definition
standard way of specifying the location of a resource, its name and how to get it
ex: http://www.bu.edu/studentlink
Term
displaying a www page
Definition
1. browser decodes URL to parse out host name and doc location

2. browser makes network connection to server

3. client requests resource and waits for the server to respond (using hypertext transfer protocol)

4. browser parses response, reqests any embedded data and formats/displays output
Term
protocol
Definition
a standard way of doing something

HTTP= hyper text transfer protocol
specifies how to request and deliver content, like webpages
Term
HTTP
Definition
specifies requests and responses between clients and servers

builds upon
1. the internet exists/is connected
2. reliable transport of data
3. web servers are waiting to service clients

* not linked to webpages, can transfer any data
Term
HTML
Definition
hyper text markup language
uses tags to annotate info in a doc.
Term
tags
Definition
the specific elements in a markup language
that indicate how info should be displayed
Term
hyperlinks
Definition
created using html tags
Term
file
Definition
a named collection of related data, used for organising secondary storage
ie, floppy disk
Term
directory
Definition
named group of files
aka a folder
Term
path
Definition
aka filename
logical name used to ID a location in a file system
Term
directory tree
Definition
a logical view of the nested directory organisation of a file system. each dir. is a branch, each file a leaf.
Term
root directory
Definition
directory at highest level from which all other branches descend
Term
parent directory
Definition
every dir. has a parent right up to the root
Term
subdirectory
Definition
a dir. within a dir.
Term
absolute path
Definition
a path that begins at the root and includes all successive subdirectories
Term
present working directory
Definition
default/current path being used by the user
Term
relative path
Definition
a path that begins at present working directory
Term
file types
Definition
describes the KIND of info in a file
Term
file extension
Definition
part of a file that indicates the type of file you have

ex: filename.extension
turtle.jpg
Term
table
Definition
set of rows of data, each of which has a number of fields
Term
web server
Definition
an application of software which waits for/responds to HTTP requests
WWW or HTTPd
Term
web server
Definition
roles: processing HTTP, logging, delivering static content from file system, running scripts to deliver dynamic content
Term
how a web server works
Definition
--receives http request
--searches for source (file) on disk
--sends HTTP responce (source code+data)
404= not found
403= forbidden
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