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Cross-Cultural Psychology
Exam 2 - Chapter 11
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/06/2015

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Term
Group
Definition
Two or more individuals forming a complete unit in a composition
Term
Status
Definition
Relative social (formal or informal) position or rank within a group
Term
Norms
Definition
Rules within a group indicating how its members should (or should not) behave
Term
Roles
Definition
The sets of behaviors that individuals occupying specific positions within a group are expected to perform
Term
Sanctions
Definition
Actions that reward those who follow the norms (positive sanctions) and reprove those who are deviant (negative sanctions)
Term
Embeddedness
Definition
The degree to which individuals and groups are enmeshed together
Term
Social Facilitation
Definition
Effects on performance resulting from the presence of others
Term
Conformity
Definition
A form of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes and/or behavior to adhere to existing social norms
Term
Compliance
Definition
Doing or saying what others say or do
Term
Obedience
Definition
A form of social influence in which one person simply orders one or more people to perform some action(s)
Term
Social Influence
Definition
Efforts on the part of one person to alter the behavior or attitudes of one or more people
Term
Power
Definition
The capacity or ability of an individual to exercise control and/or authority
Term
Groupthink
Definition
The tendency of members of groups to adhere to the shared views so strongly that they ignore information inconsistent with those views
Term
Cohesiveness
Definition
All forces acting on group members to cause them to remain part of a group, including mutual attraction, interdependence, and shared goals
Term
Group Polarization
Definition
The tendency of group members to shift, as a result of group discussion, toward more extreme positions than those they initially held
Term
Social Loafing
Definition
The tendency of some group members to exert less effort on a task than they would if working alone
Term
Competition
Definition
A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups attempt to maximize their own outcomes, often at the expense of others
Term
Cooperation
Definition
A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups coordinate their behavior to reach a shared goal
Term
Leadership
Definition
The process through which some individuals (leaders) influence other group members toward the attainment of a specific group goal or activity
Term
Identification
Definition
The process wherein the individual so strongly feels that he or she is a member of a group that he or she adopts its opinions, attitudes, and values
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