Details Title: Criminology Description: Final - Ch 16 & 17 Total Flash Cards: 20 Created: 12/13/2007 22:26:34		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Sociology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term adversary system Definition the idealized model of the criminal justice process in the United States in which the prosecutor and defense attorney vigorously contest the evidence concerning the defendant's guilt or innocence Term arbitrariness Definition the process occurring when legal outcomes are based on prejudice or other nonlegal criteria instead of legal factors such as the seriousness of the crime and strength of the evidence Term brutalization effect Definition refers to the possibility that executions increase the homicide rate Term caseloads Definition the workload of prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges Term correctional supervision Definition placement in prison, jail, or on probation or parole Term courtroom work group Definition the "team" of prosecutor, defense attorney, and judge, all of whom are said to cooperate to expedite cases Term incarceration Definition the placing of a convicted offender in prison or jail Term incapacitation Definition physically preventing a convicted offender from committing a crime; usually refers to incarceration Term in/out decision Definition the determination of whether a convicted offender should be incarcerated Term liberation hypothesis Definition the view that racial discrimination in sentencing is more likely for defendants convicted of minor offenses rather than for those convicted of serious offenses Term plea bargaining Definition negotiations between prosecution and defense over the sentence the prosecutor will request in return for a plea of guilty by the defendant Term repressive law Definition Durkheim's term for the punitive type of legal punishment that he thought characterizes traditional societies Term restitutive law Definition Durkheim's term for the compensatory type of legal punishment that he thought characterizes modern societies Term wrongful execution Definition an execution of someone who in face was innocent of the crime for which he or she was convicted Term criminal justice funnel Definition the rapid drop from the number of actual crimes committed to the number of offenders incarcerated Term developmental experiences Definition aspects of childhood and adolescence that affect the likelihood of crime Term primary prevention Definition efforts to prevent problems such as disease, injury, or crime by focusing on aspects of the social or physical environment that contribute to these problems Term public health model Definition an approach to illness, injury, and other problems that emphasizes primary prevention Term secondary prevention Definition the identification of practices and situations that put certain individuals at risk for illness, injury, or criminality, and efforts to address these risk factors Term tertiary prevention Definition efforts to treat people already having a problem, such as illness or injury; in criminology, refers to efforts to deal with people who have already committed a crime