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Criminologgy Del. Test 2
-
39
Chemistry
Graduate
02/26/2010

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Cards

Term
What happens to rapists in the CJ system?
Definition

-89% of those convicted will go to jail

Term
Burglary definition
Definition

-FBI: unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony

Term
Rape Shield Laws
Definition

-Eliminated requirements of physical resistance

-A victim does not have to physically resist to prove the rape has occured.

-Eliminated the requirement of corroboration

-A witness is not necessary

-Limited evidence of the victim's sexual history

Term
Sutherland's definition of white collar crime
Definition

-A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the couse of his occupation

Term
Two broad classes of white collar crime
Definition

-Organizational: committed by organization (often businesses) to advance the organization's interest

-Occupational: committed by individuals for their own personal gain.

Term
Occupational crimes (4 types)
Definition

-Employee theft

-Fraud in the professions

-usually doctors or lawyers

-Insider Trading

-stocks

-Political corruption

-govt officials misusing their office for political or economic gain. -watergate

Term
Organizational crime (4)
Definition

-Price fixing

-Firms that are competed conspire to set prices.

-Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 bans this

-Selling unsafe products

-Enivornmental pollution

-Corporate accounting fraud

-Knowingly submitting false accounting records

Term
Costs of WC crime? Financial and mortality?
Definition

-Financial: 716 billion/yr

-Mortality: 113,000 deaths/yr

Term
Sherman Antitrust Act
Definition

-Requires the federal govt. to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of violating the act.

-protects against price fixing

-protects public from organizational crime

Term
Circumstances of robberies?
Definition

-Co offending

-Usually teams of 2+ offenders

-Planning

-Target Selection

Term
Do the victim and the offender know one another?
Definition

-Usually not, 2/3rds the time they are strangers

Term
Is there extensive planning in robberies?
Definition

-Majority of them are spontaneous

-60% of offenders test positive for drugs, and committ the offence to support the habbit

Term
Sequence of a typical armed robbery
Definition

-Co presence: entering the victim's space.

-The announcement: offender announces the crime and shows gun.

-The transfer of goods: May force person to hang over their goods, or get it themselves to avoid being shortchanged or having a gun pulled.

-The Escape: Some will threaten or harm to provide more time to escape. Some will force the victim to leave.

-Chance of injury is unaffected whether or not the victim knows the offender.

 

Term
Unique timing of robbery events
Definition

-Monthy: usually in winter months

-Weekly: Fridays and Saturdays

-Daily: Between 6pm - Midnight

Term
How often does a robbery victim get injured?
Definition

-About 25%

-If the offender has a firearm, the chance of injury goes down.

-If the victim resists, the chance of injury increases.

Term
Characteristics of robbery victims
Definition

-Usually male (2x higher when compared to females)

-Young (16-24)

-Poor (7500/yr)

Term
Average property loss in a robbery
Definition

-$1000

Term
What happens to robbers? (%)
Definition

-70% completed robberies are reported to police.

-20% result in arrest

-50% chance that an arrest will cause a conviction

-85% chance if convicted will go to jail (4+ years)

Term
theft FROM a car is classified as
Definition

-larceny

Term
how many auto thefts a year?
Definition

-1,138,000 (421 per 100,000)

Term
different varieties of auto theft
Definition

-Joyriding

-car often recovered

-Short term or long term transportation

-To make money

chop (removing parts and selling)

retag (creating new documents and selling the car)

export (moving it to another country and selling)

Term
where are cars often stolen from?
Definition

-45% on the street near home

-30% in public parking lot/parking garage

 

-Key point.. if you can park in your driveway, your insurance may go down because car theft rates will go down

Term
When are cars most often stolen?
Definition

-60% at night

Term
What kind of cars get stolen?
Definition

-Not usually the most expensive

-Consider absolute frequencies.. the most popular cars will make the criminal the most money (camry, accord, ext.)

-If you consider rates (per 1,000) the Cadillac Escalade is one of the most stolen cars, as long with other large expensive vehicles.

Term
What techniques are used for stealing cars?
Definition

-Hotwiring

-30% the keys are left in the car

-There are some new systematic efforts to steal car keys

 

 

Term
Average property loss of auto theft?
Definition

-$6,000

Term
how to prevent getting your car stolen
Definition

-Common sense.. lock your car, protect your car keys.

Term
What percentage of auto thefts are opportunistic?
Definition

-About 15%

Term
Are car alarms/steering wheel locks effective?
Definition

-Yes, insurance usually give discounts for this.

Term
Tracking devices
Definition

-Will lead to recovery of car in nearly 100% of cases.. but this is usually after the car is stripped of it's parts

Term
Most effective option (tool in the car) for preventing car loss?
Definition

-Auto immobilizers.. ignition kill switch

Term
What happens to auto thieves?
Definition

-90% are reported to the police

-10% chance that a report will lead to arrest

-20% chance an arrest will result in a conviction

-75% chance that a conviction will result in jail

-Serve about 15 months

Term
-What do property offenders do with the properties they steal?
Definition

-Often sold to a fence

Term
Some things to remember about fences..
Definition

-Occur generally in conjunction with an actual business

-pawn shop or second hand store

-Fences buy stolen property for about 1/3 to 1/2 what they can sell it for.

-Fences are well-known by local thieves, but the police often know of them.

-Fences have a high status in the criminal world

 

Term
Average property loss of burglary? Where do they enter?
Definition

-$1300

-Often through door

Term
Definition of burglary
Definition
Term
weak links of crimes
Definition

-Getting someone who is raped to report it

-Tracking down those who commit burglaries and robberies

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