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Cpsy 270
Exam 1 ch 1-6
71
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/22/2010

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Term
Social changes
Definition
changes in social patterns and institutions in a society
Term
technophobia
Definition
fear of technology
Term
self-direction
Definition
need to learn more about ourselves and our world as a means of directing our lives effectively
Term
individual level
Definition
individual gain is appreciated more than general societal gain
Term
consensual level
Definition
collective or societal gain is appreciated more than individual gain
Term
self actualized
Definition
individual accepts responsibility for lives and carefully scrutinize alternative; have courage to admit when they are wrong and need to change
Ex: mother teresa
-fulfilling inborn potential
Term
locus of control
Definition
how much control you or fate or others has on a situation
Term
personal growth
Definition
how much we change over time, often depends on priorities we assign to stability or change
Term
commitment
Definition
shifts focus from individualistic notions of self toward the self connected to others
Term
development
Definition
relatively enduring changes in people's capacities and behavior as they grow older because of biological growth processes and people's interaaction with environment
Term
5 perspectives on child development
Definition
biological
ecological
psychodynamic
social-cognitive
humanistic
Term
Biological Perspective
Definition
Nature vs nurture
Term
heredity
Definition
transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Term
Ecological perspective
Definition
nature is the focus
Term
Ecological systems
Definition
microsystem
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem
Term
microsystem
Definition
child's current settings directly affect the child
EX: have tv in bedroom=less sleep
Term
mesosystem
Definition
linking of microsystem
EX: going to zoo, then talking bout zoo in class. (2 different microsystems)
Term
exosystem
Definition
influenced by social setting that you arent a part of.
EX: Bringing the workplace home
Term
macrosystem
Definition
larger socio-cultural context in which development takes place
-set of shared values, goals, practices & attitudes that characterizes a group of people
EX: gender, social class, Laws
Term
Psychodynamic Perspective
Definition
view personality and behavior in terms of dynamics or interactions of driving forces of personality and development
-freuds structure
Term
ID
Definition
unconscious reservoir of psychic energy for overall personality
Term
Pleasure Principal (ID)
Definition
actions guided by seeking gratification of pleasure
Term
Ego
Definition
manager of personality and helps cope w/ ID, superego and society
Term
Reality Principle (ego)
Definition
concern for individuals well being
Term
superego
Definition
shaped by moral standards of society
Term
principle of perfection (superego)
Definition
motivated person to be moral and perfect
Term
Freud's stages
Definition
Oral <1 --mouth
Anal 1-2--potty training
Phallic 3-5--oedipus and electra complex
latency 5-12--sex urges
genital 12-16--sex activity
Term
Social Cognitive Perspective
Definition
includes behavior and social learning theories
Term
social learning theory
Definition
assumes much of what we know is acquired thru observational learning

EX: BoBo doll
Term
4 components to observational learning
Definition
-pay attention to what goes on around us
-retain what we learn
-be motivated to perform what we learn
-reproduce the behavior
Term
Humanistic Perspective
Definition
emphasizes values of human freedom and uniquness of the individual

-carl rogers
Term
positive psychology
Definition
study of positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions
Term
phenomenal self
Definition
individuals overall self concept available to awareness
Term
temperament
Definition
individuals characteristic pattern of emotional response and behavioral reactivity to situations and stressors
Term
secure attachment
Definition
comfortable w/ new environment and interacts w/ stranger when mom is present
Term
anxious-ambivalent attachment
Definition
anxious in new environment and hesitant with strangers, even when mom is there
Term
avoidant attachment
Definition
not interact w/ mother and no distress when mom leaves
Term
disorganized-disoriented attachment
Definition
dazed, confused, and disoriented, contradictory behaviors. (abused kids)
Term
mother hood penalty
Definition
when a mother gets penalized in the work area for having kids. (lower pay)
Term
Middle adulthood
Definition
-b/w later 30s and 60s
Term
midlife transition (crisis)
Definition
period of personal evaluation that comes with the realization that life is half over
Term
male climacteric
Definition
loss of reproductive capacity
Term
Late adulthood
Definition
60-death
Term
ageism
Definition
negative attitude toward and treatment of older americans
Term
infantilized
Definition
older people are treated like infants (speaking in baby talk)
Term
fluid intelligence
Definition
ability to solve through novel situations
Term
crystalized intelligence
Definition
ability to use skills, knowledge and experiences already acquired (maintain creativity)
Term
Activity theory vs disengagement theory
Definition
staying active at an old age to live longer vs detatch oneself from friends and family
Term
self concept
Definition
way you see yourself
feelings, beliefs and values
Term
body image
Definition
awareness of body; how you feel about it
Term
self image
Definition
self perception aquired while growing up
Term
ideal self
Definition
self you'd like to be; morals,aspirations, and values
Term
social self
Definition
way i think others see me
Term
self complexity
Definition
extent to which one's self concept is comprised of many differentiated self concepts
Term
spotlight effect
Definition
overestimate how influential our own behaviors, appearance and emotions are to others
Term
self consistence
Definition
interpret experience in a way consistent with our self concept
Term
self immunization
Definition
perceiving threatning info by making behavior less important
EX: fail test and say "i dont need that class anyway"
Term
mnemonic neglect
Definition
poor recall of negative feed back that is inconsistent with core aspects of self concept
Term
self esteem
Definition
self evaluation and resulting feelings of worth connected to self concept
Term
social comparison
Definition
process of using others to compare ourselves to- in order to understand where we are
Term
self enhancement
Definition
people try to get positive feedback affirming idea about positive qualities
ex: (fb statusses and comments)
Term
self verification
Definition
elicit feedback verifies or confirms their own self perceptions to verify self concept
Term
5 traits related to ability to resist stress
Definition
openness to experience (openminded)
conscientiousness (carefullness)
agreeableness
extroversion (friendly)
emotional stability (anxiety and reactivity)
Term
self efficacy
Definition
belief in ability to organize and execute actions required
Term
personal control
Definition
achieved amount of control we have over our lives
Term
percieved control
Definition
belief that can influence occurance of events in environment that affect our lives
Term
primary control
Definition
change world to meet needs and desires
Term
secondary control
Definition
change self to fit the world better
Term
optimal adjustment
Definition
when the amound of actual control matches the desired need of control
Term
3 forms of maladjustment
Definition
permanent-"this is going to last forever"
universal "this ruins everything"
internal-"i caused this to happen"
Term
learned optimism
Definition
learned way of explaining good and bad life events that in turn enhances our perceived control and adaptive processes to them
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