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Covenant Bio 346 Chapter 4
Cancer biology
12
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/09/2012

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Term
epidemiology
Definition
branch of medical science that investigates the frequency and distribution of diseases in human populations.
Term
statistically significant
Definition
likely to be a genuine result rather than a random fluctuation; generally requires a p value of 0.05 or less.
Term
experimenter bias
Definition
type of bias in which the expectations of a person carrying out an investigation interfere with objective evaluation of the data.
Term
recall bias
Definition
differences in the ability to recall past events caused by the presence of a disease.
Term
publication bias
Definition
type of bias arising from the common practice of scientifice journals not to publish studies in which investigators have failed to detect some kind of relationship.
Term
retrospective study
Definition
epidemiological approach that assesses that past exposures of people who have already developed a disease.
Term
post hoc fallacy
Definition
drawing the incorrect conclusion that two events exhibit a cause-and-effect relationship just because they are associated with each other.
Term
randomized trial
Definition
experiment in which people are randomly assigned to different groups that receive different doses (or no dose at all) of a drug or treatment.
Term
mutagen
Definition
chemical or physical agent that is capable of inducing mutations.
Term
synergistic
Definition
acting together in such a way that two agents in combination produce an effect that is greater than the sum of the effects produced by each acting alone.
Term
aflatoxin
Definition
potent carcinogen produced by the mold Aspergillus, which grows on grains and nuts stored under humid conditions.
Term
oncogenic virus
Definition
virus that can cause cancer.
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