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Covenant Bio 346 Chapter 12
Cancer biology
12
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/21/2012

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Term
SPF (sun-protection factor)
Definition
a number that indicates how much time it takes for skin treated with sunscreen to burn compared with unprotected skin.
Term
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Definition
U.S. government agency that formulates and enforces regulations designed to protect the safety and health of workers.
Term
Delaney Amendment
Definition
a law in existence from 1958-1996 that directed the FDA to ban any food additive or contaminatant if it was found to cause cancer in animal studies at any dose.
Term
acceptable tolerance
Definition
regulatory standard based on "reasonable certainty of no harm," which means that a quantitative assessment of all available animal and human data is used to determine what level of exposure to possible carcinogens is thought to be safe.
Term
HERP value
Definition
quantitative measure of the potential hazard posed by a given carcinogen, based on typical human exposure mutiplied by its carcinogenic potency when tested in animals; an acronym for Human Exposure Rodent Potency.
Term
free radical
Definition
atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron, which makes them extremely reactive.
Term
phytochemical
Definition
term applied to plant chemicals that are thought to have health-related effects but are not essential nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins.
Term
aspirin
Definition
drug used for alleviating pain, fever, and inflammation that has been found to reduce the risk of colon cancer and perhaps several other types of cancer as well.
Term
prostaglandin
Definition
group of hormone-like, fat-soluble molecules that trigger inflammation and influence a variety of other functions.
Term
tamoxifen
Definition
drug that exhibits some structural similarities to estrogens; inhibits cell proliferation in the breast by blocking estrogen receptors, but stimulates cell proliferation in the uterus by activating estrogen receptors; used for both the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
Term
raloxifene
Definition
drug that inhibits cell proliferation in the breast and uterus by blocking estrogen receptors, but acts like estrogen in bone, acting to maintain bone strength and increase bone density.
Term
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Definition
formula for calculating body fat based on a person's height and weight.
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