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COSC 100
N/A
83
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
11/30/2014

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
File
Definition
A group of information on a computer than can be software programs or data.
Term
File Extension
Definition
A suffix at the end of a computer file name that indicates the encoding (file format) of the file's contents.
Term
HTML
Definition
hypertext mark-up language
Term
World Wide Web (WWW)
Definition
A system of interlinked hypertext documents connected via the Internet.
Term
True
Definition
True or False: You should always credit the source for proper fair use practices.
Term
True
Definition
True of False: Whenever possible, ask the owner of the copywright for permission.
Term
Up to 10% of the work but no more than 30 seconds of music of lyrics from an individual work.
Definition
The permissable amount of use for music, lyrics, and music videos.
Term
No more than five images from one artist or photographer, and no more than 10% or 15 images, whichever is less, from a collection.
Definition
The permissable amount of use for illustrations and photographs.
Term
Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cell entries, whichever is less. No more than two copies can be made of a project.
Definition
The acceptable amount of use for numerical data.
Term
Objective Language
Definition
Using neutral rather than subjective, exaggerated, or boastful language.
Term
79%
Definition
The percentage of users than scan web pages.
Term
25%
Definition
Reading on the web is __% slower than reading on paper.
Term
50%
Definition
Content should have __% of the word count when compared to paper.
Term
False
Definition
One good method of writing for the web is to avoid placing your conclusion at the beginning of your page.
Term
Using humor with caution, using outbound hypertext links, nice graphics, and good writing.
Definition
Increases credibility on a web page.
Term
WANs (wide area networks)
Definition
These make up the internet.
Term
True
Definition
The internet is a collection of point-to-point channels.
Term
False
Definition
Packets do not visit a sequence of computers (hops) before they reach their destination.
Term
LAN (local area network)
Definition
A network where computers are geographically close.
Term
Connection via ISP
Definition
Name a method of connecting to the internet.
Term
Connection via a campus or enterprise network.
Definition

Name a method of connecting to the internet.


 

Term
IP (internet protocol) address
Definition
A series of four numbers seperated by dots, where the numbers range from 0-255.
Term
False
Definition
Each TCP/IP packet is dependent on other packets.
Term
False
Definition
The internet becomes less effective with every additional device added.
Term
Web Servers
Definition
Computers programmed to send files to browsers running on other devices connected to the internet. These computers and their files comprise the world-wide web.
Term
True
Definition
Most interactions over the internet use the client/server protocol.
Term
True
Definition
A key aspect of the client/server relationship is that only a single service request and response are involved.
Term
False
Definition
The Internet is primarily a synchronous communication system.
Term
Domain
Definition
A related group of networked computers.
Term
Domain Name System (DNS)
Definition
Translates the human readable names into the four-number IP addresses.
Term
Authoritative Name Server
Definition
Server that keeps the complete list of IP addresses and corresponding domain names for all name servers and computers in its domain.
Term
True
Definition
Computers change their client/server roles all the time. Sometimes they are computers, sometimes they are servers.
Term
ICANN
Definition
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
Term
URL
Definition
Universal Resource Locator
Term
Web crawler and Query processor.
Definition
The two main parts of a search engine.
Term
Crawler
Definition
Visits sites on the internet, discovering pages and building an index to the web's contents based on keywords.
Term
Query processor
Definition
Looks up user-submitted keywords in the index and reports back which web pages the crawler has found containing those words. Can find pages even if not crawled based on keywords from linked pages.
Term
Computer (pre-1940 definition)
Definition
A person who performs calculations.
Term
Computer (modern definition)
Definition
A programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data.
Term
Stored-Program Concept
Definition
Programs are stored on computers for later use.
Term
First-Generation Computers
Definition
vaccuum tubes, difficult to program, only used machine language.
Term
Second-Generation Computers
Definition
Used transistors instead of vaccuum tubes, could work with business tabulating machines.
Term
Third-Generation Computers
Definition
Used integrated circuits, timesharing, first mini-computers.
Term

Fourth-Generation Computers

 

Definition
First use of GUI (graphical user interface), LANs (local area networks), the Internet (WANs).
Term
Palo-Alto Research Center (PARC)
Definition
Responsible for mouse control, icons, on-screen fonts, and pull-down menus.
Term
Moore's Law
Definition
The observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. 
Term
Metcalfe's Law
Definition
The value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2).
Term
True
Definition
The most fundamental form of information is the prescence or absence of a physical phenomenon.
Term
Binary System
Definition
Base 2 (0 or 1), where the basic unit is called a bit, and and 8 bits are grouped together to form a byte.
Term
True
Definition
Memory inside a computer is arranged in a long sequence of bits.
Term
The Fetch/Execute Cycle
Definition
Instruction fetch, instruction decode, data fetch/operand fetch, instruction execution, return result/store result.
Term
5 basic parts of a computer
Definition
Memory, control unit, arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), input unit, output unit.
Term
Memory
Definition
Stores the program running and the data on which the program operates.
Term
True
Definition
Programmers use a sequence of memory locations together, ignoring the fact that they all have different addresses.
Term
Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
Definition
Performs the math, generally does the work during the instruction execute steo of the cycle.
Term
Input and Output Unit (I/O)
Definition
The wires and circuits through which information moves into and out of a computer.
Term
False
Definition
Computers can perform an infinite amount of instructions.
Term
Computer Clock Speed
Definition
Measures the rate of the Fetch/Execute (F/E) cycle.
Term
Assembly Language
Definition
Alternative form of machine language using letters and normal numbers so people can understand it.
Term
True
Definition
Most modern software is written in high-level notation, which is then compiled (translated) into assembly language, which is then assembled into binary.
Term
Operating Systems
Definition
Contain basic operations that are necessary for effective use of the computer, but are not built into the hardware. Performs booting, memory management, device mangament, file management, and management of internet connections.
Term
Software
Definition
Enables a computer to perform certain tasks and gives a computer versatility.
Term
System Software
Definition
Programs essential to efficient functioning of the computer.
Term
Application Software
Definition
Helps users carry out specific tasks
Term
Programming Language
Definition
Allows a programmer to write English-like instructions.
Term
Operating System
Definition
Directs computer hardware, application programs, and user.
Term
Duties of an Operating System
Definition
Manages programs, manages memory, deals with I/O devices, and interacts with the user.
Term
False
Definition
The worst operating systems make use of virtual memory, where the hard drive is acts as an extention to the main memory (RAM).
Term
BIOS
Definition
Basic Input Output System
Term
False
Definition
The United States has a basic set of privacy protections that apply across the life cycle of consumers' data.
Term
Cookies
Definition
Keep track of your browsing habits.
Term
Global Unique Identifier (GUID)
Definition
Can send data back to a company when you visit a site, is concealed from view.
Term
True
Definition
There is no workplace privacy.
Term
Ethics
Definition
A branch of philosophy concerned with determining what is right or wrong, especially in the context of moral dilemas.
Term
True
Definition
All computer software has bugs.
Term
Malware
Definition
A general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software.
Term
False
Definition
Malware is the same as defective software.
Term
E-Discovery
Definition
The process of requesting, preserving, producing, extracting, reviewing, publishing, and managing electronically stored information with the intent of using it in regulatory, civil, and criminal environments.
Term
True
Definition
Trained computer forensics people never boot from the original hard drive, connect to the original harddrive without using hardwire write protection, take a quick peek at the data, use the original media in analysis, or use software that is not court-approved.
Term
False
Definition
When I delete a file, that files is automatically wiped from my hard drive.
Term
Metadata
Definition
Hidden data within a computer file that can provide further information about the file.
Term
Steganography
Definition
Special type of cryptography that makes prescence of data undetectable. It encrypts the original plaintext information into a digital image or sound file.
Term
Hash
Definition
A hexadecimal number that represents a set of electronic data, and is a sort of digital DNA or digital fingerprint created by a forensic investigator. Even if a just a single bit is changed in the data, this results in a new hash value.
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