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COPD Background & Treatment
COPD Background & Treatment
34
Pharmacology
Professional
09/16/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is COPD?
Definition

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a preventable and somewhat treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients

Term
What normally causes COPD
Definition

caused by noxious particles or gas, most commonly from tobacco smoking, which triggers an abnormal inflammatory response in the lung

Term
COPD is composed of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. What are they?
Definition

Chronic Bronchitis: inflammatory response in the larger airways which is diagnosed clinically when symptoms of chronic cough and sputum production are presente

 

Emphysema: resultant destruction of the tissue lining of the lung caused by inflammation

 

Term
When should a clinical diagnosis of COPD be considered in a patient?
Definition

Any patient with dyspnea; chornic cough or sputum production

Term
What is used to confirm a COPD diagnosis?
Definition
Spirometry
Term
Is COPD curable?
Definition

NO. It is manageable throught smoking cessation, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and drug therapy (often using inhalers). Some patients go on to requiring long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation

Term
What medication is used on a regular basis as treatment for COPD?
Definition

Bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists, anticholinergics)

Term

Short-acting beta-2 agonist are combined with what class of medication?

Definition

Combination of a short-acting beta-1 agonist and an anticholinergic produces greater improvements in lung function that either drug given alone. The addition of an inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilators is approprioate for symptomatic COPD patients with more severe disesase

Term
What vaccines should be given to COPD patients?
Definition

Influenza (each fall) and pneumococcal vaccine (x1, repeat if > 65 years old and received vaccine > 5 years ago) should be given to patients with COPD, unless contraindications exist.

Term

Do you hvae a basic understanding of the treatment algorithm for COPD?

Definition
[image]
Term
COPD and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Definition

If a patient has alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, he/she may be placed on alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (Prolastin - C) for chornic augmentation therapy

Term
How to treat an acute COPD exacerbation?
Definition

Inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator plus oral steroids (tappered over 2 weeks)

 

Term
How do anticholinergics work?
Definition

blocks the action of acetylocholine [and decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)] at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation

Term
Name the short - acting anticholindergics
Definition
Ipratropium bormide
Term
Brand name for Ipratropium bromide?
Definition
Atrovent HFA
Term
Brand name for Ipratropium bromide + albuterol
Definition

Combivent or

DuoNeb

Term
Dosing for Combivent
Definition
2 inhalations QID
Term
Name the long-acting anticholinergics
Definition
Tiotropium
Term
Brand name for Tiotropium
Definition
Spiriva Handihaler
Term
Side effects of anticholinergics?
Definition
dry mouth (much more common with tiotropium)
Term
Should patients swallow capsules of tiotropium?
Definition
NO. Do not swallow capsules of tiotropium
Term
A caution pertaining to Combivent
Definition

Combivent contains soya lecithin - caution in patients with a peanut allergy

Term
[image]
Definition
Statement. Not a question.
Term
How do beta-2 agonist work?
Definition

bind to beta 2 receptors causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation - inhaled route is the preferred route of administration.

Term
Name the long-acting beta-2 agonists
Definition

Salmeterol

Formoterol

Term
Brand name for Salmeterol
Definition
Serevent Diskus
Term
Brand name for Salmeterol + Fluticasone
Definition

Advair Diskus

or

Advair HFA

Term
Brand name for Formoterol
Definition
Foradil Aerolizer
Term
Brand name for Formoterol + Budesonide
Definition
Symbicort
Term
Dosing for Serevent Diskus & Advair Diskus?
Definition
1 inhalation BID
Term
Dosing for Advair HFA?
Definition
2 inhalations BID
Term
The difference between Advair Diskus and Advair HFA?
Definition

Advair Diskus: 1 inhalation BID

Advair HFA: 2 inhalations BID

Term
Dosing for Symbicort
Definition
2 inhalations BID
Term
[image]
Definition
Statement. Not a question.
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