Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Congenital Heart Defects
Downstate > MS2 CV Block > Congenital Heart Defects
59
Medical
Graduate
01/17/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
"flap valve" = ?
Definition
septum primum
Term
what valves are formed by endocardial cushion formation?
Definition
mitral and triscuspid valves
Term
ductus venosus connects __ and __, skipping the __.
Definition
ductus venosus connects umbilical v. and IVC, skipping the liver
Term
ductus arteriosus connects __ and __, skipping the __
Definition
ductus arteriosus connects left pulmonary a. and aorta, skipping the lungs
Term
how many umbilical veins are there? how many umbilical arteries? which one is oxygenated?
Definition
1 umbilical v., 2 umbilical aa.; veins are oxygenated
Term
how is cyanosis defined in terms in Hb and oxygen saturation?
Definition
Hb<4g/dl or oxygen saturation 80-85%
Term
response to chronic left-to-right shunt is increased pulmonary pressure and eventual reversal of shunt
Definition
Eisenmenger syndrome
Term
what are the 3 types of ASDs?
Definition
sinus venosus, ostium secundum, and ostium primum
Term
where are the 3 ASDs located?
Definition
ostium primum: near AV valves; ostium secundum: near foramen ovale; sinus venosus: near SVC
Term
what abnormality often presents with sinus venosus ASD? what about for ostium primum?
Definition
sinus venosus with abnormal pulmonary v. drainage; ostium primum with mitral or triscupid valve abnormalities
Term
of the 3 ASDs, which is most common?
Definition
ostium secundum (75%), ostium primum (15%), sinus venosus (10%)
Term
paradoxical embolism is associated with...
Definition
patent foramen ovale in pts with high RA pressure
Term
children present with respiratory infections; adults present with atrial arrhythmias; dx?
Definition
ASD
Term
left parasternal RV heave, fixed S2 split, pulmonic systolic murmur; dx?
Definition
ASD
Term
RHF, failure to thrive; harsh holosystolic murmur, loud P2; dx?
Definition
VSD
Term
tx for VSD
Definition
50% spontaneously close by 2yo; otherwise, surgery and endocarditis prophylaxis
Term
ductus arteriosus branches off of the aorta [proximal/distal] to the left subclavian a.
Definition
distal
Term
risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (3)
Definition
rubella, prematurity, high altitude birth
Term
what metabolic changes occur at birth to close the ductus arteriosus?
Definition
increase O2, decrease prostaglandins
Term
acyanotic defects are [L to R/R to L] shunts
Definition
acyanotic defects are left to right shunts
Term
patent ductus arteriosus causes [left/right] heart failure
Definition
left heart failure
Term
ASD and VSD cause [left/right] heart failure
Definition
right heart failure
Term
continuous machine-like murmur at left subclavicular region; dx?
Definition
patent ductus arteriosus
Term
tx for patent ductus arteriosus in neonates
Definition
indomethacin
Term
adult male, presents in mid-life with stenosis due to calcified valves; what would you see on an echo?
Definition
bicuspid aortic valve
Term
20% of pts with congenital aortic stenosis also present with ___
Definition
coarctation of aorta
Term
systolic diamond murmur radiating to the neck; what other phonograph findings might you expect in severe disease?
Definition
systolic click (opening of stenosed valves), reversed S2 split with A2 after P2
Term
what are the 3 types of aortic stenosis?
Definition
bicuspid valve, subaortic stenosis, supravalvular aortic stenosis
Term
congenital pulmonic stenosis causes [left/right] heart failure
Definition
right heart failure
Term
diamond murmur at left sternal border that diminished upon inspiration; dx?
Definition
pulmonic stenosis
Term
wide split S2; dx?
Definition
pulmonic stenosis
Term
in aortic coarctation, adults present with [pre/post] ductal and neonates present with [pre/post] ductal
Definition
adults: postductal; neonates: preductal
Term
differential cyanosis; dx?
Definition
aortic coarctation in neonate
Term
blood pressure in right arm > left arm; where is the aortic coarctation?
Definition
proximal to left subclavian a.
Term
pt presents with notching of inferior rib surface; what do you expect to see on a phono?
Definition
continuous murmur
Term
what are the 4 characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot?
Definition
VSD, subvalvular pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy
Term
is tetralogy of Fallot a right->left shunt or left->right shunt?
Definition
right->left (and therefore, cyanotic)
Term
most common cyanotic congenital heart defect after infancy
Definition
tetralogy of Fallot
Term
25% of cases of tetralogy of Fallot is associated with __
Definition
right aortic arch
Term
the 5th characteristic of pentology of Fallot is __
Definition
ASD
Term
child has "spells" that are relieved with squatting; dx?
Definition
tetralogy of Fallot
Term
what would you find on a phono in a pt with tetralogy of Fallot?
Definition
systolic murmur, no P2
Term
boot-shaped heart on chest xray; dx?
Definition
tetralogy of Fallot
Term
most common cause of cyanosis in neonatal period
Definition
transposition of great arteries
Term
cyanotic neonate without murmurs; dx?
Definition
transposition of great arteries
Term
what is a Rashkind procedure and what is it indicated for?
Definition
balloon septostomy to create an interatrial communication; used for TGA
Term
what is a Jantene procedure?
Definition
cut great arteries above semilunar valves and reposition
Term
point of impulse is felt on the right sternal border; dx?
Definition
transposition of great arteries
Term
Eisenmenger Syndrome occurs in what congenital heart defects?
Definition
ASD, VSD, PDA
Term
erythrocytosis and hyperviscosity are complications of___
Definition
Eisenmenger syndrome
Term
louder P2, prominent jugular a wave, no murmur; dx?
Definition
Eisenmenger syndrome
Term
what would you find on a chest xray in a pt with Eisenmenger syndrome?
Definition
pulmonary a. root dilation and peripheral tapering
Term
Down syndrome: cardiac defects?
Definition
ASD, VSD, PDA, AV canal defects
Term
Turner syndrome: heart defects?
Definition
bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, hypoplastic left heart
Term
Williams syndrome: heart defects?
Definition
supravalvular aortic stenosis, pulmonary a. stenosis
Term
DiGeorge syndrome
Definition
no parathyroid, small thymus, hypocalcemic, tetralogy of Fallot
Term
Holt-Oram: heart defects?
Definition
heart-hand syndrome; ASD, VSD
Term
Noonan syndrome: heart defects?
Definition
pulmonary stenosis
Term
what acyanotic defects cause right heart failure? which ones cause left heart failure?
Definition
ASD, VSD -> RHF; patent ductus arteriosus -> LHF
Supporting users have an ad free experience!