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Concert Sesasons
Music
34
Music
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2008

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Term
Romantic
Definition
(1810-1900)

Emotion and instinct now were seen as sources of truth.

Objectivity, equilibrium and restraint of the Classical period gradually yielded to explosive philosophies and emotions.

General characteristics " personalization, impulsive emotional display, baring the soul, attraction for the exotic, mysterious, enchanting, fantastic and the natural. Composed works were larger-scale in forms, ensembles and durations.

Music now allowed lavish, unrestrained harmonic and instrumental color, hot emotions and intense poetic tenderness.

This period also bred interesting performers and personalities, perhaps like today's rock stars.

Franz Liszt, pianist and composer whose technical prowess and dynamic stage presence are legendary - it was said women swooned and even picked up his cigar butts and put them in their bosoms!

Nicolai Paganini " violinist who strode onstage in a black cloak and played with such wizardry that it was said he was in league with the devil and that he played the violin with strings from the intestines of his late wife!

Noted composers: Brahms, Schumann, Schubert, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Tschaikowsky, Grieg, Wagner, Rachmaninoff
Term
Classical
Definition
(1750-1825)

First 25 years of the classical era (1750-1775) called the Rococo. This was a period of "cooling off" from the heated complexity of the Baroque period.

music of considerable elegance, restraint, poise, and gentility. Gradually, the surface charm yielded to the greater power and vision of classical composers.

Vienna, Austria became the center of the mature classical style

As court life diminished, music was heard in a variety of new settings, in public concerts and in social and political events.

Classical characteristics - clearer, simpler forms, thinner texture, more use of a single melody supported by accompaniment (called homophonic) rather than numerous, independent parts or voices (called polyphonic) as in the Baroque period.

Noted composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Josef Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven. They expanded the repertoire of chamber music, string quartets and symphonies.
Term
BAROQUE
Definition
Outgrowth of Renaissance musical style (depersonalization, control and serenity)

(1600-1750)

The Baroque, by contrast, loved colossal artistic statements

Music - exuberance, passion, sudden dynamic contrasts and harmonic and instrumental color. Music has complex, dense textures, constant rhythmic propulsion, changes of pace and more chromaticism (using notes outside the key of the piece)


Noted composers: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Purcell and Gabrielli
Term
"classical" the term
Definition
a term used to reference a specific period of about 60 years. Also used to refer to whole body of Western art music, regardless of when written.
Term
IMPRESSIONISM
Definition
IMPRESSIONISM (1890-1925)
Out of the excesses of the previous period came the cool, refreshing alternative of impressionism. Inspiration came from without, not from within oneself.

Music - intended to create atmosphere and project a beautiful moment or sensory effect. New and exotic sounds employed, more flexible rhythms, melodies more serene, less goal-oriented, and harmonies were used to create sonority rather than ground us in a particular key. Often gives feeling of drifting.

Noted composers: Debussy, Ravel, Resphigi, Griffes
Term
20th CENTURY
Definition
Most fragmented of all the periods. Complicated, turbulent and exhilarating

One side - music offered highly controlled statements
Other side - music was totally free in expression
Experimentation in rhythm, form, melody, tuning of instruments

Traditional instruments were used but sometimes played with completely new techniques (e.g. "prepared piano"
where nails, paper clips, metal, bolts, plastic and paper were placed inside the piano on the strings to create different effects)

Electronic and computer-generated music came into prominence

Noted composers: Bartok, Barber, Bernstein, Copland, Crumb, Gershwin, Ives, Prokofieff, Schoenberg, Stravinsky
Term
wind ensemble     
Definition
smallest and most elite of all bands, symphonic concert
Term
conducting
Definition

non verbal communication

conductors used to be composers; would either conduct in front of group or play the piano, would play louder when ensemble was was off 

Term
Mongolian Musician
Definition
Libo
Term
Horsehead Fiddle
Definition
Morin Khuur
Term
Morin Khuur small and large instruments (string numbers)
Definition

staple instrument of Mongolian 1,000 years old small-120 strings large- 160 strings

used to be made out of horse hair 

Term
"Lonely Baby Camel"-
Definition
story of weeping camel-song meaning
Term
Mongolian style of music.
Definition
not metered and has no pulse
Term
felix mendellson
Definition

made batons famous

more precise because of tiny point 

Term
Urtindo
Definition
long song
Term
first violinist of an orchestra and concert master
Definition

shake hands or acknowledge each other 

sign of respect and leadership

Term
Dhrupad
Definition
oldest form of Indian classical music
Term
post WWI
Definition
public school band program began
Term
Alap
Definition
oldest form of Indian music
Term
La Finta Giardineralo
"The Fake Gardener"
Definition

WA Mozart

1174--year it was written at age 19

1775--premiered in Munich 

Term
Tambora
Definition
instrument Uday Bahawakar uses to sing with-4strings
Term
Guru
Definition
discipline system
Term
opera buffa
Definition
funny opera with serious moments
Term
opera seria
Definition
serious opera
Term
podesta
Definition
major of town, one of main characters
Term
opera
Definition
a "work," comes from Italy
Term
Septet
Definition
ensemble of 7 people
Term
soprano
Definition
highest singer
Term

Recitative

 

Secco

Accompagnato

Aria

Libretto 

Definition

dialogue

 

dry, without the orchestra

accompanied by orchestra

air song--solo

who wrote the words of an opera song 

Term
Mezzo-Soprano
Definition
slightly richer sound than soprano
Term
Tenor
Definition
higher male voice
Term
Baritone
Definition
lower male voice
Term
tempo
Definition
speed of music
Term
sandrina
Definition
fake gardener names girls stage name, real name = violante
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