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Concepts of Science, Test #4
Chapters 14, 15, 16
60
Science
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2013

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Term
The energy source of stars is primarily associated with
Definition
the reactions of nuclei in the star core
Term
If scientists located a Dyson Sphere, they would find
Definition
something made from a dismantled planet
Term
The solar wind
Definition
affects the magnetic fields
Term
Which of the following can be said about large stars
Definition
Large stars have a shorter lifetime than smaller stars
Term
At this moment, the sun is producing energy by burning
Definition
Hydrogen
Term
The end products of fusion in the Sun's core are
Definition
helium isotopes, protons, and gamma rays
Term
Approximately how long does it take the energy of the Sun to be transferred from the stellar core to the photosphere
Definition
Many thousands of years
Term
Which of the following affects the life of a star?
Definition
gravitational force, mass, temperature, fusion process
All of the above
Term
From what part of the electromagnetic spectrum is most of the sun's energy emitted?
Definition
visible light waves
Term
Which of the following satellite observatories could not detect the presence of a black hole?
Definition
space infrared telescope facility (SIRTF)
Term
Differences in how a star appears in the sky are a function of
Definition
the size of the star
how far away the star is from earth
the total energy emitted by the star
the star's apparent brightness
all of the above
Term
Who first showed that the Milky Way is not the only galaxy in the universe
Definition
Hubble
Term
The big bang theory and the theory of the steady state universe differ
Definition
in that only the steady state thery lacks a specific beginning for the universe
Term
When astronomers look out at our universe, they see all
Definition
other galaxies moving away from us
Term
Which of the following was not a contribution to cosmology by Edwin Hubble?
Definition
the realization that evidence for the big bang can come from studies of abundances of chemical elements
Term
Hubble's law tells us that
Definition
the distance to other galaxies can be measured by calculating the red shift of the light we receive from them
Term
The most recent "freezing" of the universe involved the creation of
Definition
atoms
Term
The redshift surveys of the 1980s
Definition
measured the distance to thousands of galaxies
Term
The discovery of a cosmic microwave background
Definition
gave support to the big bang theory
Term
What were the first three elements formed in the big bang?
Definition
hydrogen, lithium, and helium
Term
According to the current ideas about the origin of the universe, which one of the following forces separated at 10^-43 seconds?
Definition
The gravitational force
the electromagnetic force
the strong force
the weak force
All of these forces froze out at the same time
Term
Which wavelength of radiation is associated with our expanding universe?
Definition
7.35 centimeters
Term
Which of the following is constructed completely from atoms made during the big bang?
Definition
None of the above completely from atoms created during the big bang
Term
According to the big bang theory, what accompanied the freezing of the universe at 10^-35 second after time zero?
Definition
There was a short period of inflation
Term
At what point after the big bang did the elementary particles form?
Definition
10^-5 second
Term
What is the basis for evidence supporting the theory of an open expanding universe?
Definition
The laws of gravity
The universe's mass
The proportion of dark matter
a newly discovered superova
All of the Above
Term
Because of research with high energy particle accelerators, scientists have direct experimental checks for the evolution of the universe back to
Definition
10^-10 second from the beginning
Term
Which statement about dark matter is accepted by most astronomers?
Definition
Dark matter interacts with ordinary matter through a gravitational force
Term
What experimental evidence supports the big bang theory?
Definition
cosmic microwave radiation
abundance of lithium, hydrogen, and helium
C and D
Term
Anti matter is fairly rare in the universe because
Definition
laboratory research indicates that matter was more plentiful in the early and annihilated the antimatter
Term
The rate at which new stars are formed
Definition
was ten times higher seven billion years ago
Term
Which of the following describe a quasar?
Definition
Highly energetic
Term
Before the first stable nuclei were formed, what was the makeup of the universe
Definition
Elementary particles
Term
Evidence for the big bang includes the
Definition
-observation that the universe is expanding
-independent evidence that microwave radiation is coming from all directions in space
fat that the average temp of the universe 2.7 kelvin
-abundance of light elements
-all the above
Term
How far away is a galaxy that is moving away from the earth at 100,000 k/s? assume 50 km/s Mps for the Hubble constant
Definition
-2000mpc
-more than 6 light years
Term
Why do scientists believe that dark matter does not interact through the electrometric force?
Definition
Because, if it did, it would absorb or emit photons
Term
according to the nebular hypothesis, the solar system began as
Definition
a cloud of dust and gas
Term
which scientist is credited with the discovery of Pluto
Definition
Clyde Tombaugh
Term
if only Newtons laws of motion were applied to the solar system
Definition
-Venus's orbit could be the reverse of earths orbit
-earths moon could rise in the West and Set in the East
-Mars orbit could be perpendicular to Jupiter's orbit
-Saturns rings could be at random angles to there current plane
Term
what two elements comprise most of a nebula?
Definition
Hydrogen and helium
Term
why are the Jovian planets formed from materials different from the terrestrial planets?
Definition
Gaseous Jovian planets, formed farther away from the heat of the Sun, are formed from light weight nebulae "dust"
Term
the birth of a solar system would be like
Definition
thick clouds circling a new star
Term
the earths layered composition is consequences of
Definition
differentiation of materials
Term
the inner core at the center of the Earth
Definition
contains the heaviest elements of the earths mass
Term
In our solar system we say that moons
Definition
have been found orbiting all planets except for Mercury and Venus
Term
the Composition of the Earths Moon is most like
Definition
the earths mantle
Term
scientists study meteorites
Definition
-because they contain the material from which the solar system was made
-to find out more about how and when the Earth was created
-to find out more about other parts of the solar system
Term
after the earth was formed
Definition
it was bombarded by huge chunks of rock
Term
A comparison of asteroids and terrestrial planets would reveal that both are
Definition
relatively rocky and small
Term
the "big splash" theory of the Moons formation
Definition
states that the Earth was struck by a huge object, causing a large amount of mantle material to be blown into orbit
Term
the early atmosphere on Earth included
Definition
-methane
-water vapor
-ammonia
-carbon dioxide
-all the above
Term
what are some health hazards of long space trips
Definition
bone mass is loss increasing the chance of breaks
Term
An astronaut standing on Mars and attempting to look at Jupiter might have there view partly blocked by
Definition
asteroid belt
Term
the earths atmosphere has probably been affected by all of the following except
Definition
increased amounts of Hydrogen and helium
Term
Transfer of material from space to earth
Definition
has been measured at 20 metric tons daily
Term
What new astronomical info. resulted from the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy on Jupiter in 1994
Definition
composition of atmosphere beneath the planets surface
Term
what was accomplished by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2
Definition
assessment of the outer Solar system environment
Term
How can meteor showers be predicted
Definition
Meteors are in known orbits around the sun after comets
Term
which of the following characteristics does the Earth Share with all other bodies in the solar system
Definition
gravitationally bound to the Sun
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