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Computer Science Vocabulary
Computer related terms and definitions
69
Computer Science
Not Applicable
03/20/2017

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

PDF

Definition

Portable Document Format

 

This is a file format developed by Adobe Systems in 1992. PDF captures formatting information from a variety of desktop publishing applications, making it possible to send formatted documents and have them appear on the recipient’s monitor or printer as they were intended. This is because a PDF will maintain the original fonts, images, graphics as well as the exact layout of the file.

Term



Innovation

Definition


A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof.
Term






COMPUTER

Definition
A computer is a programmable machine. A computer responds to specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and executes pre recorded  instructions
Term

 

 

 

 

SERVER

Definition




A computer. A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.

Example: a DNS server awaits and responds to requests for urls to be translated to IP addresses

Term



Internet

Definition





A groups of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

Term





ISP:Internet Service Provider


Definition





An ISP is your gateway to the Internet and everything else you can do online; a company that provides subscribers access to the Internet.

ISP.    Examples:Verizon, ATT, Comcast, Time Warner, Cox,

Term

 

 

 

 

CLIENT 

Definition

 

 

 

 

A computer that requests data stored on a server.

Example: When you type an address into your browser, your computer is the client and it sends the request to the DNS server.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 web Server

Definition

 

  1. A program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their request, which are forwarded by their computers’ HTTP clients.

  2. Dedicated computer and appliances may be referred to as a Web servers as well.

  3. Web servers are computers on the internet that deliver(store) web pages. Every web server has an IP address and possibly a domain.
Term

 

 

 

 


File Server 

Definition

 

A computer and storage device dedicated in storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server.

Term



Proxy Server 

Definition




A server that sits between a client application, such as a web browser, and a real server. It intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can fulfill the requests itself. If not, it forwards the request ot the real server.

Term



Cloud Computing 

Definition

 

 

 

The practice of using a network of remote servers from data centers all over the worldlm  hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer

Term



Cloud server

Definition



Cloud server hosting is when hosting services are made available to customers on demand via the internet. Rather than being provided by a single server or virtual server, cloud server hosting services are provided by multiple connected servers that comprise a cloud.

Term



Application server 

Definition





A program that handles all application operations between users and an organization’s backend business applications or databases.

Term



Dedicated server 

Definition




A single computer in a network reserved for serving the needs of the network. For example, some networks require that one computer be set aside to manage communications between all the other computers.

Term



Print Server 

Definition





A computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic.

Term



Database server 

Definition







A computer system that processes database queries.

Term



Binary

Definition



A way of representing information using only two options, usually 0’s and 1’s.

Yes/No

True/False

Term



Packets 

Definition







Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

Term



Protocol

Definition







A set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines.

Term



HTTP

Definition






HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

Term



HTML 

Definition






HTML HyperText Markup Language) is the language in which the content and formatting of a web page are written.

Term



ASCII

Definition

 

 

 

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the university recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

Term

 

 


Net Neutrality

Definition






The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

Term

 

 

 

Bit

Definition






A contraction of “Binary Digit.” A bit is the single unit of information in a computer typically represented as 0 or

Term



Code( Verb )

Definition






To write code, or to write instructions telling the computer what to do.

Term



IETF

Definition






Internet Engineering Task Force - Develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite.

Term

 

 

 

ISOC

Definition






the Internet Society strives to make the world a better place.

Term

 

 


URL

Definition






Uniform Resource Locator: An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).

Term



 Internet Protocol Stack 

Definition




DNS, TCP, IP, and Physical Internet



Code.org’s  stack

Term

 

 

 

 

DNS 

Definition





Domain Server Name or Domain Name Service: The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.

Term

 

 

 

TCP/IP 

Definition





Transmission Control Protocol - Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of stream of packets in the internet. TCP is tightly lightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

Term

 

 

 

IP Adress 

Definition

 




A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

Term



Router 

Definition





A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks and are located at gateways.

Term



Latency Time 

Definition




Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

Term



Birate 

Definition






The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

Term



Bandwith 

Definition

Transmission capacity measured by bit rate.


The speed of an Internet connection. A bandwidth of 5 mbps can process 5 megabytes, or 500 bytes, of digital information every second without slowing down or crashing.

Bandwidth can also be the amount of data you are allowed to send or receive in a network. Schools and businesses sometimes have bandwidth limits for their users to keep the network from slowing down.

 

See a sample Internet Bandwidth Guide

Term



Bit 

Definition





A contraction of “Binary Digit.” A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.

Term



Byte 

Definition






A byte is a sequence of 8 bits processed as a single unit of information.

Term



Why is a byte 8 bits? 

Definition




A byte is 8 bits since it was used to refer to groups of 8-bits that a

computer was processing.

Term



Mbps 

Definition



megabits per second

Broadband speeds are measured in 'megabits per second', often shortened to Mb Mbits p/s or Mbps. Bits are tiny units of data, with a megabit representing a million of them. The higher the number of Mbps (megabits per second) you have, the speedier your online activity should be.

Term



Heuristic 

Definition





A problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible

Term



Lossless Compression 

Definition






A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Term



Abstraction 

Definition




Reducing information to a simpler form, to remove some details to focus on essential characteristics. It is typically possible to look at a system at many levels of abstraction, depending on how many detail is necessary to approach the challenge at hand. To simplify things pulling out specific differences to make one solution work  for multiple problems.

Term



File Sizes Byte,KB,MB,GB,TB 

Definition




A byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one alphanumeric character) processed as a single unit of information. A single letter or character would use one byte of memory (8 bits), two characters would use two bytes (16 bits)

Term



File Sizes (2) 

Definition




Put another way, a bit is either an ‘on’ or an ‘off’ which is processed by a computer processor, we represent ‘on’ as ‘1’ and ‘off’ as ‘0’. 8 bits are known as a byte, and it is bytes which are used to pass our information in its basic form - characters.

Term



File Sizes (3) 

Definition





A byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one alphanumeric character) processed as a single unit of information. A single letter or character would use one byte of memory (8 bits), two characters would use two bytes (16 bits).

Term



Internet Protocol Layers 

Definition

DNS: Translates a URL into an IP address. Note that a DNS request still is conducted over TCP/IP

TCP: Breaks larger messages into multiple packets and ensures all packets are received and ordered correctly

IP: Assigns IP addresses to computers and routes packets of data to the correct address

The Physical Internet: copper wire, fiber, optic cable, radio waves, etc

Term



Server 

Definition





A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data. Example: a DNS server awaits and responds to requests for urls to be translated to IP addresses.

Term



Client 

Definition





A computer that requests data stored on a server. Example: When you type an address into your browser, your computer is the client and it sends the requests to the DNS server.

Term

 

 

 

 

Client 

Definition





A computer that requests data stored on a server. Example: When you type an address into your browser, your computer is the client and it sends the requests to the DNS server.

Term

 

 

 

 

Lossy Compression 

Definition






To save space, some information is thrown away

Term



Resolution 

Definition





The dimensions by which you can measure how many pixels are on a screen.

640 x 480

Term

 

 

 

 

Metadata 

Definition






Data the describs data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describes the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.

Term

 

 

 

 

Pixel 

Definition





Short for “picture element” it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Term



Hexadecimal Number 

Definition






A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols - 0-9 and A-F - which can occur in each place value.

Term



Favicon 

Definition






Short for Favorite Icon

Term



RGB 

Definition





The RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors

Term

 

 

 

 

Aggregation 

Definition

 

 

A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Sum, Max, Min, Count. A Summary Table, Calculation Area

Term



Lossy Compression 

Definition





(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg

Term



Pivot Table 

Definition






In spreadsheet software, it is the name of the tool used to create summary tables.

Term



Summary Table 

Definition





A table that shows the results of aggregations performed data from a larger data set

Term



Boolean

Definition






A single value of either TRUE or FALSE

Term



Boolean Expression 

Definition






In programming, an expression that evaluates to TRUE or FALSE

Term



Computationally Hard 

Definition





A “hard” problem for a computer is one in which it cannot arrive at a solution in a reasonable amount of time

Term



Javascript 

Definition





A programming language designed by Sun Microsystems that can be integrated into standard HTML pages to add some dynamic features.  

    Learn more here.

Term



Event Handling 

Definition





An  overarching term for the coding tasks involved in making a program respond to events by triggering functions.

Term



Ul Elements 

Definition




On-screen objects, like buttons, images, text boxes, pull down menus, radio buttons, check boxes,  screens,canvas, and so on.Input Controls: checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdown lists, list boxes,buttons, toggles, text fields, date field.

Term



Expression 

Definition






Any valid unit of code that resolves to a value.

Term



Debugging 

Definition






Finding and fixing problems in your algorithm or program.

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