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CompTIA A+ 2009 - IP
Skillport Troubleshooting Network Connectivity
94
Computer Networking
Professional
09/01/2011

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Cards

Term
To configure TCP/IP, you need to modify three parameters:
Definition
• IP address • a subnet mask, and • the default gateway
Term
You need to specify ______ ___ _____ a for every host and router on the network.
Definition
unique IP address
Term
What is the lowest IP address?
Definition
0.0.0.0
Term
What is the highest IP address?
Definition
255.255.255.255
Term
All _____ addresses are 32-bits long and are divided into four octets, with eight bits each.
Definition
IPv4
Term
Network addresses are written in _______ _______ ______ with each of the eight bits written in decimal form.
Definition
dotted decimal notation
Term
IPv4 is different from IPv6 in what way?
Definition
IPv4 is 32-bit and IPv6 is 128-bit
Term
What is a subnet mask and how is it used?
Definition
A subnet mask is used to determine which subnetwork, or subnet, an IP address belongs to. A subnet mask also helps to determine whether the source and destination machines are located in the same or in different networks. It does this by comparing the network addresses of both machines.
Term
If the number 255 occurs in a ______ ______, the corresponding octet in the IP address is part of the network address.
Definition
subnet mask
Term
An IP address of 209.62.20.241 with the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 uses what host number?
Definition
241 on the subnet 209.62.20.0
Term
How would you know whether or not a source and destination machine are located in the same or in different networks?
Definition
A subnet mask will determine whether the source and destination machines are located in the same or in different networks. It does this by comparing the network addresses of both machines.
Term
What has to happen if the network addresses of two machines are different?
Definition
Data has to be passed to a router for the forwarding to the destination machine's router.
Term
What can you determine from this information? Host A's IP address is 209.62.20.242 and its subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Host B's IP address is 209.62.20.244 and its subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Definition
The network address for both the machines is the same, which means that both the machines are on the same network.
Term
What is a gateway?
Definition
The gateway is a router that allows access from a local subnet to the rest of the intranet or the Internet.
Term
Why was a gateway given its name?
Definition
It's named the gateway because it's the point where data enters and exits the network.
Term
What are domain names?
Definition
Users normally access network resources using friendly text strings rather than IP addresses. These strings are known as domain names.
Term
FQDN
Definition
FQDNs, or Fully Qualified Domain Names, are often used instead of IP addresses.
Term
What do users use to access the internet instead of IP addresses?
Definition
FQDNs, or Fully Qualified Domain Names, are often used instead of IP addresses.
Term

(T/F)

With thousands of workstations connected to the Internet, it's easy to maintain this string-to-IP address mapping while ensuring host name and conflict resolution.

Definition
False
Term
What is used to translate network resource FQDNs to IP addresses?
Definition
DNS
Term
What is DNS?
Definition
DNS is a group of protocols and services widely used over the Internet and TCP/IP based networks. It's an application-layer protocol that uses a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme. The naming scheme is implemented by means of a distributed database system.
Term
DNS is a _____ of protocols and services widely used over the Internet and TCP/IP based networks
Definition
group
Term
____ is an application-layer protocol that uses a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme.
Definition
DNS
Term
By what means is DNS implemented?
Definition
The naming scheme is implemented by means of a distributed database system.
Term
How is an IP address assigned statically?
Definition
For static assignment, you need to manually configure a computer's IP address.
Term
What happens when you choose not to use DHCP?
Definition
When you enter a specific IP address and choose not to use DHCP, the computer uses a static IP address, which doesn't change upon reboot.
Term
How does private addressing work?
Definition
Network Address Translation maps private IP addresses in the network to an external IP address that is valid on the Internet.
Term
NAT
Definition
Network Address Translation
Term
How does NAT work?
Definition
It uses a single public IP address to access the Internet for all hosts on the network that use private IP addresses.
Term
In order to use private addressing, what must be installed?
Definition
When NAT is used, a networked computer that tries to access the Internet needs to go through a NAT device. This can be a server, router, or other device that substitutes the private IP address of the host for a public IP address that is valid on the Internet.
Term
Describe a NAT device.
Definition
A NAT device that stands between the network and the Internet will have two NICs installed. One card connects to the LAN and the other card connects to the Internet via an ISP.
Term

(T/F)

A proxy server can serve as a firewall.

Definition
True
Term
What is a firewall?
Definition
A firewall is a piece of hardware or software that prevents illegal and unwanted data from entering the network.
Term
You want to adjust a computer’s Windows Firewall settings so that the Problem Reports and Solutions application has permission to connect to the computer. You’ve already opened the control panel and clicked on Security. What do you do next (5)?
Definition
1. Click Allow a program through Windows Firewall 2. Change Settings 3. Select continue through the User Account Control pop-up 4. In the Windows Firewall Settings choose the Exceptions tab 5. Click Add programs and press OK
Term

As the IT technician of Hortalez Holdings, a commercial shipping company, you need to ensure that the network is safely and accurately connected to the internet. Identify the characteristics of an IPv4 address:

a. The lowest IP address is 1.1.1.1 and the highest is 255.255.255.255

b. IP addresses are 32 bits long and are divided onto four octets of eight bits each

c. Every host and router is provided with the same IP address

Definition
b
Term

Match each net command with its associated function: Used to display help on how to use net commands

a. Netstat

b. net /?

c. Net use

Definition
b
Term

Match each net command with its associated function: Used to check the functioning of TCP/IP connections

a. Netstat

b. net /?

c. Net use

Definition
a
Term

Match each net command with its associated function: Used to map network drives

a. Netstat

b. net /?

c. Net use

Definition
c
Term

Your computer can’t transfer files and you want to troubleshoot FTP to find the cause of the problem. Identify the methods you can use to troubleshoot FTP? (choose all that apply)

a. Ensure that the correct connection port is used

b. Verify the server permissions and the directory structures

c. Ensure that you’re using an APIPA address

d. Ensure port 80 is open

Definition
a, b
Term

As the IT technician of Imagenie, a graphics design company, you need to troubleshoot a problem regarding the e-mail process. Several users have trouble sending e-mail messages. Which setting do you verify to troubleshoot the problem?

a. NAT settings

b. SMTP settings

c. IMAP settings

d. DNS settings

Definition
b
Term

SSL is used to secure and encrypt http data transfers and enable https. What does SSL use to encrypt http?

a. 128-bit encryption keys

b. TLS

c. TCP port 40

d. Cleartext

Definition
a
Term
As the IT technician of the Central-West Bank, you want to add an exception to bypass the proxy to ensure access for internal users to the docu-sentry.com domain. You’ve already opened the Connections tab in the Internet Options dialog box. Perform the steps to complete the task.
Definition

1. Click on the LAN settings button

2. Click on the button for ‘Use a proxy server for you LAN (These settings will not apply to dial-up or VPN connections).

3. Click Advanced button

4. Type *docu-sentry.com in the Exceptions text box and click ok

5. Click ok twice

Term
What is fouund between a LAN and the internet?
Definition
Even a small LAN typically has a device, such as a router, between the LAN and the Internet.
Term
What functions does a router provide?
Definition
This device serves as a proxy server, DHCP server, and firewall.
Term
DHCP
Definition
DHCP is an abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Term
Performing the function of a firewall, the device filters out any ______ ______ from the Internet.
Definition
unsolicited traffic
Term
APIPA
Definition
APIPA is an acronym for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
Term
What is the first thing to do when troubleshooting IP configurations?
Definition
To troubleshoot protocol configuration issues, you first need to ensure that you're not using an APIPA address on a large network.
Term
APIPA automatically assigns IP addresses to a small network if it has a single subnet and doesn't use a ______ ______ or _____ ____ ______.
Definition

DHCP server

static IP addressing

Term
A client computer that uses ______ can communicate only with other clients on the same subnet that also use this feature.
Definition
APIPA
Term
How do you figure out whether or not your computer has an APIPA address?
Definition
To determine whether a computer has an APIPA address, you use the ipconfig or ipconfig /all command. If the resulting output is Autoconfiguration Enabled and the computer uses an IP address in the highlighted range, the system is using APIPA.
Term
You're the technician of a new company with a large network. You need to connect the network to the Internet by configuring TCP/IP. Which parameter settings do you modify to configure this suite?
Options:
1. Router
2. IP address
3. Subnet mask
4. APIPA addresses
5. Gateway
6. Firewall
Definition
2. IP address
3. Subnet mask
5. Gateway
Term
When you need to enable an e-mail account, you configure ____ _____ _____ _____.
Definition
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Term
How does email travel?
Definition
E-mail uses SMTP to travel from the Sender machine to the Sender's mail server and, from there, to the Receiver's mail server. It then downloads to the receiver's machine using POP or IMAP.
Term
What two ways can email be downloaded from a receivers mail server?
Definition
• Post Office Protocol or • Internet Message Access Protocol
Term
POP
Definition
Post Office Protocol
Term
IMAP
Definition
Internet Message Access Protocol
Term
What is the first point of troubleshooting email problems?
Definition
If a problem occurs with a new e-mail account, you use the SMTP and POP or IMAP settings as the first points of troubleshooting.
Term
What's the first thing you do is incoming messages aren't coming through?
Definition
For example, when incoming messages aren't coming through, you can troubleshoot the problem by verifying the POP or IMAP settings.
Term
What is the preferred standard for email transmission?
Definition
SMTP is the preferred standard for e-mail transmissions over the Internet.
Term
Describe SMTP.
Definition
It's a text-based protocol where the sender specifies one or more recipients of a message.
Term
What should you do when there's a problem sending email messages?
Definition
When there's a problem with the sending of e-mail messages, you troubleshoot by checking that the SMTP settings are correct.
Term
What is the SMTP server?
Definition
The e-mail server that manages the sending of e-mail messages is usually identified as the SMTP server because it uses the SMTP protocol. The SMTP at the client end first verifies whether the recipient e-mail IDs exist on the mail server
Term
What port does SMTP use?
Definition
TCP Port 25
Term
When does the email server send messages?
Definition
only after it verifies whether the recipient e-mail IDs exist on the mail server
Term
What is SMTP AUTH?
Definition
SMTP AUTH is an improved version of SMTP, and is short for SMTP Authentication.
Term
When a message arrives at your e-mail server, it remains there until you request delivery what protocol is being used?
Definition
The e-mail server then uses either POP or IMAP to deliver the message.
Term
How do you access your email over the internet?
Definition
You can use IMAP to access incoming e-mail messages on a remote server or on the Internet-based e-mail.
Term
What are the two most common internet standard protocols used to retrieve email?
Definition
IMAP and POP are the two most common Internet standard protocols used to retrieve e-mail messages.
Term
When is IMAP typically used?
Definition
IMAP is mostly used in large networks and in networks where users need to download several messages or large-sized messages.
Term
What is advantage of IMAP?
Definition
The user interface in IMAP remains active as long as the user is connected. This enables faster access and message downloads than most other protocols.
Term
(T/F)
IMAP allows only single users to connect to a mailbox at a time.
Definition
False
IMAP enables multiple users to connect to the mailbox simultaneously. It also provides mechanisms for users to detect changes to the mailbox made by other clients who are connected at the same time.
Term
IMAP also supports _____-______ _____ for messages that meet particular criteria, without requiring the user to download all the messages before performing the search.
Definition
server-side searches
Term
The software saves these addresses, and the other configuration information, in an initialization file, the ______ _____ , or another location.
Definition
Windows registry
Term
To troubleshoot the e-mail process, you confirm the server information which includes (5):
Definition

• incoming server name

• incoming & outgoing mail servers

• account name

• password authentication settings

Term

You're the IT technician of a new company, Gleeson Associates, which specializes in executive job searches. You need to enable an e-mail account on a new employee's laptop. Which two settings specifically relate only to email?

Options:

1. SMTP and IMAP settings

2. DNS and FQDN settings

3. SMTP and DNS settings

4. IMAP and FQDN settings

Definition
1. SMTP and IMAP settings
Term
____ is often used to upload modified files when updating a web site.
Definition
FTP
Term
What is Port 20 used for?
Definition
port 20 is used for data transmission by FTP
Term
What two ports does FTP use?
Definition
FTP uses ports 20 and 21
Term
What does FTP use port 21 for?
Definition
Port 21 is used for control
Term
A standard network protocol used to transfer files between computers on TCP/IP networks or the Internet
Definition
FTP
Term

(T/F)

All firewalls allow you to make exceptions to blocked ports and programs.

Definition
True
Term
When troubleshooting FTP where should you start?
Definition
The built-in Windows Firewall is a good place to start when you're troubleshooting FTP issues.
Term
You can troubleshoot FTP issues by (5):
Definition

• ensuring that you're using the correct login, password, and IP address

• verifying the server permissions and the directory structures

• ensuring that the correct connection port is open and being used

• confirming that the problem is not caused by the network router or firewall

• ensuring that the subnet mask is correctly configured

Term
What command line can you use to troubleshoot FTP?
Definition
To troubleshoot FTP problems, you can use the ping command to test the FTP server's response
Term
You can also disable the ______ and _______ programs to determine whether they're stopping FTP from gaining access
Definition

antivirus

firewall

Term
You can check your firewall's _______ to ensure FTP ports are open.
Definition
exceptions
Term

You're unable to upload files to the web server and you suspect that the problem might be with the FTP. Which methods can you use to troubleshoot it? Options:

1. Confirm that the problem isn't caused by the network router or firewall program

2. Configure SMTP and either POP or IMAP

3. Ping the FTP server to test its response Ensure that you're not using NAT

Definition

1. Confirm that the problem isn't caused by the network router or firewall program

3. Ping the FTP server to test its response

Term
A ______ ______ is flanked by a client and an origin server.
Definition
proxy server
Term
How does a proxy server work?
Definition
It acts as the go-between by accepting requests from clients, transmitting these to the origin server, and returning the response to the client.
Term
How can you reduce client wait time?
Definition
Several clients sometimes request the same content. When this occurs, the proxy can deliver the content from its cache instead of requesting it from the origin server each time. This reduces the time a client needs to wait
Term
How can you disallow internet connections?
Definition
By specifying certain proxy settings, you can also allow or disallow Internet connections.
Term
How do you change proxyx settings?
Definition
To configure proxy settings on your Windows computer, you open a web browser – in this case Internet Explorer and click Tools - Internet Options. The Internet Options dialog box opens on the General tabbed page by default. The Internet Options dialog box contains the following tabs: General, Security, Privacy, Content, Connections, Programs, and Advanced. Then you access the Connections tabbed page and click the LAN settings button. In the LAN Settings dialog box, you can configure the connection settings for the LAN
Term
DHCP allocates ______ _______ to systems on a network during boot-up.
Definition
dynamic addressing
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