Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Comprehensive Final Objectives
Concepts from Exam 1 2 3 & 4
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/15/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the planes of section of the body
Definition

Sagittal - divides long axis of body into right and left

Midsagittal - sagittal plane along midline

Parasagittal - sagittal to left or right of midline

Transverse - divides body into top and bottom

Frontal - Divides long axis into front and back

Term
Describe the components of a typical reflex arc
Definition

1. Receptor

2. Afferent Neuron

3. Interneuron

4. Efferent Neuron

5. Taget Organ

Term
Describe the components of a typical spinal nerve and the function of each component
Definition

-Dorsal/Ventral Root - connections to spinal cord

-Dorsal & Ventral roots unite to form spinal n (mixed n) @ intervertebral foramina

-Dorsal root: contains sensory axons

-Ventral roots: contain motor axons

-Dorsal root ganglion: cell bodies of sensory neurons

-

 

 

Term
What is collateral circulation
Definition

-circulation in an area of tissue or an organ w/ a number of differet pathways for blood to reach it

-often formed between adjacent blood vessels

-circulation of blood established through enlargement of minor vessels and anastomosis of vessels w/ those of adjacent parts when a major vein or artery is functionaly impaired(as by obstruction)

 

Term
Define anastomoses
Definition

-communication between vessels by collateral channels

-surgical, traumatic, or pathological formation of an opening between two normally distinct spaces or organs

Term
Describe the hip bone, its components and unique features
Definition

1. Ilium

-site for ligamentus attachment

-iliac crest = prominence of hip

2. Ischium

-posterior componnet of pelvis

-ischial tuberosity supports body's weight in sitting position

-bottom half of obturator foramen

3. Pubis

-forms pubic symphasis

-top half of obturator foramen

Term
Describe the sacroiliac joint, its functions and ligaments and their functions
Definition

-between sacrum+ilium

-sacrospinus ligament

-sacrotuberous ligament

1. limit sacral rotation

2. proides weight transfer to the lower limb

Term
Describe the different articulations of the pelvic region
Definition

1. iliolumbar

-cartilagenous/slightly moveable

2. sacroiliac

-sacrum+ilium

-synovial non-axial gliding type joint

3. pubic symphysis

-fibrocartilagenous disc

4. hip joint

Term
Describe the hip joint, its function and ligament
Definition

-bears body weight

-bears force of strong muscles of hip and leg

-ball and socket synovial joint

-formed between head of femur and acetabulum

-allows femur to circumduct 360 degrees

-accomodates extreem forces during physical activity

-iliofemoral ligament (Y-lig) = limits hip extension

Term
Name the gluteal muscles
Definition

1. Gluteus maximus

2. Gluteus medius

3. Gluteus minimus

4. Tensor fascia lata

 

Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition

Action: lateral rotation of hip

-"power extension"

 

INN: inferior gluteal n

Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition

INN: Superior gluteal n

Action: ABduction, medial rotation of hip

 

Term
Gluteus minimus
Definition

INN: Superior gluteal n

Action: ABduction, medial rotation of hip

Term
Tensor fascia latae
Definition

INN: Superior Gluteal n

Action: flexion, medial rotation, aBduction of hip

Term
Piriformis
Definition
Action: lateral rotation, aBduction of hip
Term

Superior Gemellus

Obturator Internus

Inferior Gemellus

Definition
Action: lateral rotation, hip abduction
Term
Quadratus femoris
Definition
Action: lateral rotation of hip
Term
Describe superficial fascia, deep fascia and their functions
Definition

Deep fascia:

-NO fat, H2O or insulation

-allows for free play of muscles (reduces friction)

-contains vessels and nerves

Superficial fascia:

-fat, H2O & insulation

-protective layer

-vessels and nerves

-continuous, spreads infection easily

Term
List the nerve components of the lumbosacral plexus and their areas of responsibility
Definition

-composed of ventral rami of spinal n

-L1 to S4

INN: sensory, motor, autonomic of...

1. inferior and posterior abdominal wall

2. pelvic viscera (urogenital)

3. Perineum

4. gluteal region

5. lower limb

Term
Describe the arterial supply to the lower limb, origins, branches and areas of responsibility
Definition
[image]
Term
Describe the venous return of the lower limb
Definition

-1 way valves

-Great saphenous vein

dorsum of foot (top) --> ascends medial leg & thigh --> femoral vein

- Small saphenous vein

dorsum of foot --> ascends posterior aspect of leg --> popllitea vein

Term
Arterial supply of lower limb
Definition

Internal Iliac a - gluteal/pelvic region

External iliac artery->femoral a (gives off deep femoral a-blood supply to thigh) -> ADDUCTOR HIATUS->Popliteal a (branches into genicular a of knee)-> SPLITS...

Anterior tibial -> dorsal pedis-> arcuate a->metatarsal a-> digital a

Posterior Tibial->Medial plantar/Lateral plantar->Plantar arch->metatarsal a->digital a

Fibular a. - lateral leg blood supply

 

Term
Describe the 3 major compartments of the thigh muscles
Definition

Anterior - vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis, rectus femoris, sartorius

Medial - Adductor magnus/longus, gracilis, pectineus, adductor brevis

Posterior - semimembranousus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Term

Muscles of the ANTERIOR thigh INN and action

(Quadriceps femoris)

Definition

INN: Femoral n

Action:

-rectus only: flexion of the hip

-ALL heads: extension of the knee

 

 

 

Term
Muscles of the medial thigh INN and action
Definition

INN: Obturator n

(Pectineus is both obturator and femoral n)

 

Action: ADduction and flexion of the hip

(gracillis also involved in flexion of knee and medial rotation)

Term
Muscles of the posterior thigh INN and action
Definition

INN: Tibeal n

(Short head of biceps femoris INN = common fibular)

 

Action: Extension of the hip flexion of the knee

Term
Describe the knee joint, its menisci and ligaments
Definition

-Synnovial: hinge/pivot/gliding

-Menisci: medial (C shape, more firmly attached), Lateral (O shape, more mobile)

-Ligaments: Anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament

Term
Describe the joints of the ankle and the collateral ligaments
Definition

Tibiofibular articulation: held together by interosseus membrane, slight movement, fiberous

Talocrural: between talus/medial malleoulus, talus/lateral malleolus

-Synovial, uniaxial, hinge joint

-"true ankle joint"

Ligaments: Lateral collateral ligament (limits inversion, 3 branches)

Medial Collateral lig/deltoid lig (limits eversion/STRONG)

Term
Name the 3 muscular components of the leg
Definition

Lateral - fibularus longus/brevis

Anterior (dorsiflexors) - Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus/hallucis longus, Fibularis tertius

Posterior (plantar flexors)- gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

 

Term
Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg INN and action
Definition

INN: superficial fibular n

Action: plantar flexion (push-off)

Term
Anterior compartment of the leg (Dorsi flexors) INN and action
Definition

INN: Deep fibular n

Action: dorsiflexion

Tibialis ant/ext hallucis longus = inversion

ext digitorum longus/fibularis tertius = eversion

Term
Posterior compartment of the leg (plantar flexors) INN and action
Definition

INN: Tibial n

Action: flexion of the knee, plantar flexion

(Tibialis post, flexor dig long, flex hall long = plantar inversion)

Term
Describe the arch of the foot. Include skeletal, ligamentous, aponeurotic and muscular support mechanisms
Definition
Arches:
1.) Transverse arch
2.) Longitudinal arch - Bones: Talus bone is the keystone.

Ligaments:
A.) Plantar Calcanial navicular lig
B.) Long Plantar Ligament - aka: calcanial cuboid lig. Calcaneous -> cuboid -> metatarsals 2-5
C.) Short plantar ligament: Calcaneous - Cuboid. Under long plantar ligament. Reinforces long plantar ligament

Foot intrinsic muscles - statics, standing still

Plantar aperneurosis - (during movement) calcaneous -> distal metatarsals -> digits 2-5

Foot extrinsic Muscles - help in inversion, eversion, flexion, extension (peroneous longus, post deep group)
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