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Comprehensive Final
na
256
Medical
Professional
03/24/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

The number one priority for paramedics? 

Definition
To be prepared to respond and treat injuries that will inevitably occur in their communities
Term

Roles and responsibilities

Definition
  1. Preparation
  2. Response
  3.  Scene management
  4.  Patient assessment and care
  5. Management and disposition
  6. Patient transfer
  7. Documentation
  8. Return to service
Term

why do we have a quality assurance program? what’s the purpose of that?

Definition

1.   Identify any systemwide problems

2.   Conduct an in-depth review of the problems

3.   Aid the problem and develop a remedy

4.   Develop an action plan for correction of problem

5.   Enforce the plan of action

6.   Reexamine the problem

7.   Identify excellence in patient care

8.   Look for modifications that need to be made to protocols and standing orders

9.   Identify situations that are currently not addressed by protocols and standing orders

Term

OPQRST

Definition

Onset

Provocation

Quality

Region, Radiation, Reoccurrence, Relief

Severity

Time

Term
PASTE
Definition

Provocation

 Associated symptoms

Sputum

Time, Temp

Exacerbation

Term

how to save your back

Definition

how can culture affect a patients response to illness or injury

2.   Coordinate every list in advance

3.   Minimize the total amount of weight you have to lift

4.   Never lift with your back, not ever

5.   Don’t carry what you can put on wheels

6.   Ask for help anytime

Term
stages of dying
Definition

1.   Denial

2.   Anger

3.   Bargaining

4.   Depression

5.   Acceptance

Term

scene safety; all aspects, if scene becomes unsafe

Definition

Stand back until the police defuse the situation

 

Term

Injury illness prevention

Definition

1.       Wear gloves

2.       Wash your hands

3.       Use lotion. ;)

4.       Use eye protection

5.       Consider wearing a mask

6.       Protect your body

7.       N95 respirator

8.       Clean your ambulance and equipment

9.        Properly dispose of sharps

10.    Consider wearing body armor

Term
teachable moment 
Definition

1.   Must be receptive to the message

2.   The scene is conductive to delivering such a message

3.   There is a definitive prevention measure that could have helped.

4.   Vague advise is less likely to have a lasting effect

Term

tort 

Definition
a wrongful act that gives rise to a civil suit
Term

negligence – occurs when:

Definition
  1. When the paramedics or the EMS system had a legal duty to the patient
  2. There was a breach of duty
  3. The failure to act appropriately was the proximate cause that caused the plaintiffs injury
  4. Harm resulted
Term
Liability
Definition
Responsibility
Term
Civil suit
Definition
An action instituted by a private individual or corporation (plaintiff) against another private individual or corporation (defendant)
Term
Abandonment
Definition
A form of negligence that involves the termination of care without the patient's consent
Term
If you have been trained on skills but do not work in a county that has those skills in their protocols and you act on those skills...
Definition
It may be considered negligence or even a criminal offense.
Term
DNR
Definition
An advance directive that describes in which life-sustaining procedures should be performed in the event of the sudden deterioration in the patient's medical condition.
Term
Respiratory sounds for asthma
Definition
Term
Patho of asthma
Definition
Term
Respiratory sounds of bronchitis
Definition
Term
Respiratory sounds of emphysema
Definition
Term
Patho of bronchitis
Definition
Term
Patho of emphysema
Definition
Term
Stages of inflammatory response related to injury
Definition
Term
Clotting
Definition
Term
Coagulation
Definition
Term
NSAIDS
Definition
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Term
How do NSAIDS work on the body?
Definition
Designed to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes.
Term
Renin angiotensin system
Definition
Regulates sodium
Term
Differences related to pharmacology for geriatric vs adults vs children
Definition
  1. Patients of different ages may have very different responses to the same drug
  2. Older people tend to be much more sensitive to the effects of drugs and often require smaller doses then younger patients
  3. Some drugs have different effects altogether in different age groups
Term
Medication onset by different routes
Definition

Topical-hours to days

Oral – 30 to 60 minutes

Rectal – 5 to 30 minutes (unpredictable)

Subcutaneous injection – 30 to 50 minutes

Intramuscular injection – 10 to 20 minutes

Sublingual tablet – 3 to 5 minutes

Sublingual injection – 3 minutes

Inhalation – 3 minutes

Endotracheal – unknown; unpredictable

IO – 60 seconds

IV – 30 to 60 seconds

Intracardiac – 15 seconds

 

Term
Physical dependence
Definition
A physiologic state of adaptation to a drug usually characterized by tolerance to the drug effects and a withdrawal syndrome if the drug is stoped, especially if it is stopped abruptly
Term
Psychological dependence
Definition
The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well-being
Term
Cross tolerance
Definition
A form of drug tolerance in which patients who take a particular medication for an extended period can build up a tolerance to other medications in the same class.
Term
Tachyphylaxis
Definition
A condition in which the patient rapidly becomes tolerant to a medication
Term
Idiosyncrasy
Definition
An abnormal reaction by a person to a medication, to which most other people do not react.
Term
Agonist
Definition
A substance that mimics the actions of a specific neurotransmitter or hormone by binding to the specific receptor of the naturally occurring substance
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Something that counteracts the action of something else
Term
Synergistic
Definition

The action of two substances, such as drugs, in which the total effects are greater than the sum of the independent effects of this two substances

 

(ie 2+2=5)

Term
Osmosis
Definition
The movement of water down its concentration gradient and across a membrane
Term
Diffusion
Definition
A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term
Filtration
Definition
The movement of water and a disssolved substance from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
Term
Steps to administer meds through IO route
Definition
  1. Take BSI precautions
  2. Determine the need for medication based on patient presentation
  3. Obtain a focused history and physical exam, including any drug allergies and vital signs
  4. Follow standing orders, or contact medical control for permission
  5. Check the medication to ensure that it is the correct one, that it is not cloudy or discolored, and that the expiration date has not passed, and determine the appropriate amount and concentration for the correct dose.
  6. Explain the procedure to the patient and or parent and the need for the medication
  7. Assemble needed equipment, and draw up the medication. Also draw up 20 mL of normal saline for a flush.
  8. Cleanse the injection port of the extension tubing with alcohol, or remove the protective cap if using the needleless system.
  9. Insert the needle into the port, and clamps all the IV tubing proximal to the administration port. This is usually managed with a three way stopcock. Failure to shut off the line will result in the medication taking the pathway of least resistance and flowing into the bag instead of into the patient.
  10. Administer the correct dose of the medication at the proper push rate.  Some medications must be administered very quickly, while others must be pushed slowly to prevent adverse effects.
  11. Place the needle and syringe into the sharps container.
  12. On clamp the IV line to flush the medication into the vein. Flush with at least a 20 mL fluid bolus of normal saline.
  13. Readjust the IV flow rate to the original setting.
  14. Store any unused medication properly.
  15. Monitor the patient’s condition, and document the medication given, route, time of administration, and the response of the patient.
Term
Catheter selection should reflect:
Definition
  1. The purpose of the IV
  2. The age of the patient
  3. The location of the IV
Term
Adults not needing fluid replacement would find what gauge needle appropriate
Definition
18 or 20 gauge needles
Term
Metacarpal veins of the hand can usually accommodate what size catheter
Definition
18 or 20 gauge
Term
Patients that require fluid replacement should get what size catheter?
Definition
14 or 16 gauge
Term
Where can an average adult accommodate a 14 or 16 gauge catheter
Definition
Antecubital vein or external jugular vein
Term
Epidural hematoma
Definition
an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura matter
Term
What normally causes a epidural hematoma
Definition
A blow to the head that produces a linear fracture of the thin temporal bone severing the middle meningeal artery causing brisk arterial bleeding.
Term
Signs and symptoms of epidural hematoma
Definition
  • Loss of consciousness immediately following the injury followed by a brief period of consciousness after which the patient lapses back into unconsciousness
  • Fixed and dilated pupil on the side of the hematoma
Term
Subdural hematoma
Definition
The accumulation of blood beneath the Dura matter but outside the brain
Term
Subdural hematoma are chronically found more common in:
Definition
  • Elderly patients
  • Patients with alcoholism
  • Patients with bleeding ditheses (such as hemophilia)
  • Patients taking anticoagulants
Term
What do pulse oximeters do
Definition
Measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the arterial blood that is saturated
Term
Hyperventilating
Definition
  • Occurs when people briefed in excess of metabolic need
  • Frequently follows some emotional stressor
Term
Steps to intubating a child
Definition

  1. BSI precautions
  2. Check, prepare, and assemble your equipment
  3. Manually open the child’s airway and insert on adjunct if needed
  4. Preoxygenate the child with a bag mask device and 100% oxygen for at least 30 seconds
  5. Insert the laryngoscope in the right side of the mouth and sweep the tounge to the left. Lift the tounge with firm, gentle pressure. Avoid using the teeth or gums as a fulcrum.
  6. Identify the vocal chords. If the courts are not yet visible, instruct your partner to apply cricoid pressure.
  7. Introduce the ET tube in the right corner of the child’s mouth.
  8. Pass the ET two through the vocal chords to approximately 2 to 3 cm below the vocal chords. Inflate the cuff if a cuff is used.
  9. Attach an EtCO2 detector.
  10. Attach the bag mask device, and auscultate for equal breath sounds over each lateral chest wall high in the axillae. Ensure absence of breath sounds over the epigastrium.
  11. Secure the ET tube, noting the placement of the distance marker at the child’s teeth or gums and reconfirm its placement.

Term
Contraindications for multi lumen airways
Definition
  • Pediatric patients
  • Esophageal trauma
  • Known esophageal diseases
  • Those who have ingested a caustic substance
Term
Differences between Mac and Miller blades
Definition
  • The straight or Miller blade is designed so that it will extend beneath the epiglottis and lift it up directly
    • A useful feature in infants and small children, who often has a long, floppy epiglottis that is difficult to elevate out of the way with a curved blade
  • The curved or Macintosh blade is less likely to be levered against the teeth. 
    • The tip of the curve blade is placed in the vallecula, lifting the epiglottis indirectly.
Term
Upper airway
Definition
Consists of all anatomic airway structures above the level of the vocal chords.  It's major functions are too warm, filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth.
Term
Pharnyx
Definition
A muscular tube that extends from the nose and mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea.
Term
Nasopharynx
Definition
Air normally enters the body through the nose and passes into the nasopharynx, which is formed by the union of the facial bones.
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
Forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, which is bordered superiorly by the hard and soft palettes, laterally by the cheeks, and inferiorly by the tounge.
Term
Uvula
Definition
A soft tissue structure that resembles a punching bag, is located in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity, at the base of the tongue.
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
The superior border of the glottic opening. A leaf shaped cartilaginous flap that prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing
Term
Vallecula
Definition
An anatomic space, or "pocket", located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis.  It is important landmark for endotracheal intubation.
Term
Larynx
Definition
A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures.  It marks where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins.
Term
Cricothyroid membrane
Definition
Located between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, it is a site for emergency surgical and nonsurgical access to the airway (cricothyrotomy)
Term
The lower airway –
Definition
consists of the trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli and the lungs themselves. It’s function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Term
Trachea
Definition
The conduit for air entry into the lungs. Begins immediately below the cricoid cartilage. It divides into the right and left main stem bronchi at the level of the Carina.
Term
Carina
Definition
Marks the end of the trachea in the beginning of the right and left main stem bronchi.
Term
Bronchi
Definition
Lined with mucus producing cells and beta-2 receptors that, when stimulated, result in bronchodilation.
Term
Hilum
Definition
The entry point for all of the blood vessels and the bronchi into each lung.
Term
Alveoli
Definition
The functional site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Term
Surfactant
Definition
A proteinaceous substance, which decreases the surface tension on the alveolar walls and keeps then expanded.
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
A condition in which the amount of pulmonary surfactant is decreased or the alveoli are not inflated, they will collapse.
Term
What causes a barrel chest?
Definition
Chronic lung hyperinflation
Term
How do patients with low pH or acidosis compensate with their respirations?
Definition
Respirations speed up to blow off CO2
Term
What respiratory pattern do patients with diabetic ketoacidosis commonly experience?
Definition

Kuszmaul restorations

(deep, rapid, sighing ventilations)

Term
What kind of respiratory pattern do patients with high pH or alkalosis experience
Definition
Respirations slow to retain CO2
Term
What things may change pulse ox readings?
Definition
  1. Bright ambient light
  2. Patient motion
  3. Poor perfusion
  4. Nail polish
  5. Venus pulsations
  6. Abnormal hemoglobin
Term
Status asthmaticus
Definition
A severe, prolonged asthmatic attack that cannot be broken with conventional treatment.
Term
What long sounds are produced by status asthmaticus?
Definition
Wheezing or absent
Term
Pulmonary edema
Definition
Congestion of the pulmonary air spaces with exudate and foam, often secondary to left heart failure.
Term
What long sounds are commonly created with pulmonary edema?
Definition
Turbulent airflow, wheezing, and air trapping
Term
Cardiac Tamponade
Definition
A condition in which the atrium and right centrical are collapsed by a collection of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac, resulting in a diminished cardiac output.
Term
How often should you assess a critical patient?
Definition
Every 5 minutes
Term
How often should you assess a stable patient?
Definition
Every 15 minutes
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition

The amount of energy associated with an object in motion.

 

KE = (Mass / 2) x Velosity2

Term
What type of injuries are common from deceleration?
Definition
  • Shearing, avulsing, or rupturing of organs and their restraining fasca, vasculature, nerves, and other soft tissues
    • The aorta, the largest blood vessel body, is the most common site of deceleration injury in the chest
Term
What type of injuries are associated with up and over patients?
Definition
  • The lead point is the head
  • The interior part of the neck may strike the steering wheel, causing laryngeal fracture, serious lacerations, and other soft tissue injury.
  • The steering wheel can injure the lungs via generation of pressures beyond the capabilities of lung tissue, like a "paper bag being exploded". A.k.a. pneumothorax.
Term
What type of common injuries would a "down and under" patient have?
Definition
  • Lead point is the knees
  • Once the knees hit the dashboard, it transmits the energy of the deceleration up the femurs to the pelvis.
Term
Alpha-1 receptors
Definition
  • Produced peripheral vasoconstriction
  • associated with mild bronchoconstriction
  • speed up metabolism
Term
Alpha-2 receptors
Definition
Control the release of Norepinephrine
Term
Beta-1 receptors
Definition
  • Increased heart rate
  • Cause cardiac muscle to contract
  • Strengthen cardiac contraction
  • Produce automaticity
  • Trigger cardiac electrical conduction
Term
Beta-2 receptors
Definition
  • Stimulate vasodilation
  • Bronchodilation
Term
What do you do with an impaled object?
Definition
  • Do not remove impaled object unless it causes an ABC issue.
  • Direct pressure compression around the objects to control bleeding
  • Stabilize object/prevent movement of objects and patient
  • Do not cut object unless it provides an issue like transportation
  • It may be necessary to remove objects to be able to do compressions, when in doubt get BHO to remove impaled object
Term
What do you do when an eye has been impaled?
Definition
  • Stabilize objects
  • Wrap both eyes
Term
Superficial burn
Definition
  • Involves the epidermis only
  • Skin is red and when you touch the color will blanch and return
  • Usually no blisters
  • Some pain is experienced
  • Example:a sunburn
Term
Partial thickness burn
Definition
  • A.k.a. second-degree burn
  • Involves the epidermis and varying degrees of the dermis
  • Usually blisters or moisture present
  • Damage to hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands may be present
  • Severely painful
  • Often caused by hot liquids, steam or grease
Term
Full thickness burn
Definition
  • A.k.a. third-degree burn
  • Involves destruction of both layers of the skin
    • Including the basement membrane of the dermis that produces new skin cells
  • The skin is white and pale, brown and leathery, or charred
  • No refill due to destruction of capillaries
  • Pain will be in area surrounding the third degree burns
Term
Parkland formula
Definition

The amount of water a burn patient will need in the first 24 hours

 

4 mL x bodyweight (in kg) x % of body surface burned

Half of this amount is given in the first eight hours

Term
When treating a burn patient for pain...
Definition
  • A higher dose may be required to achieve relief.
  • Their metabolism is accelerated, which creates the need for a higher dose than normal
Term
What changes in a patient's body might they experience after being burned?
Definition
  • Difficulty with thermoregulation
  • Inability to sweat from the scarred portions of the skin
  • Impaired vasoconstriction and vasodilation in the areas of severe damage
  • Little or no melanin (pigment) in the scar tissue, which makes the skin susceptible to sunburn
Term
Burn percentages for an infant
Definition

Head 18%

Torso (chest/back) 18% front, 18% back

Arms 9% each

Legs 13.5% each

Genitalia 1%

Term
Burn percentages for a child
Definition

Head 12%

Torso (chest/back) 18% front, 18% back

Arms 9% each

Legs 16.5% each

Genitalia 1%

Term
Burn percentages for an adult
Definition

Head 9%

Torso (chest/back) 18% front, 18% back

Arms 9% each

Legs 18% each

Genitalia 1%

Term
Cranial nerve I
Definition
Olfactory - responsible for your sense of smell
Term
Cranial nerve II
Definition
Optic -light perception and vision
Term
Cranial nerve III
Definition
Oculomotor - pupil constriction, eye movement
Term
Cranial nerve IV
Definition
Trochlear - Eye movement
Term
Cranial nerve V
Definition

Trigeminal - Motor: chewing

    - Sensory: face, sinuses, teeth

Term
Cranial nerve VI
Definition
Abducens - Eye movement
Term
Cranial nerve VIII
Definition
Vestibulocochlear - Senses of Hearing, Balance, Perception
Term
Cranial nerve VII
Definition
Facial - facial movements
Term
Cranial nerve IX
Definition

Glossopharyngeal - Motor: Throught, swollowing, gland secretions

Sensory: Tongue, throat, ear

Term
Cranial nerve x
Definition
Vagus - heart, lungs, palate, fairness, larynx, trachea, bronchi, G.I. tract, external ear
Term
Cranial nerve XI
Definition
Spinal accessory - shoulder and neck movements
Term
Cranial nerve XII
Definition
Hypoglossal - tongue, throat, and neck monement
Term
What vital signs would be affected by the Vagus nerve?
Definition
Mainly the heart rate would be slowed down
Term
Simple pneumothorax
Definition
The accumulation of air or gas in the plural cavity. Relatively not life threatening.
Term
Tension pneumothorax
Definition
Life threatening condition. Results from continued air accumulation within the intrapleural space. The continued buildup of pressure will exert force on the surrounding tissues, including the heart.
Term
How do you treat open penetrating trauma to the chest?
Definition
  1. Place gloved hand over the injury and replace as soon as possible with a three sided occlusive dressing
  2. Remove three sided dressing should a pneumothorax develop.
  3. Place on high flow O2 via NRB
  4. If things change, needle thoracostomy
Term
Atrial kick
Definition
The contribution to the ventricular filling made by the contraction of the atria.
Term
Cardiac output
Definition
The amount of blood that is pumped out by either ventricle.
Term
Describe the normal electrical pathway through the heart
Definition
  • Originates in the SA node
  • Spreads through the atria and along the internodal pathways to the AV node
  • From the AV node they travel down the bundle of his and right and left bundle branches.
  • There they go into the purkinje network.
Term
Ischemia
Definition
tissue without sufficient oxygen and begins to exhibit signs and symptoms.
Term
Injury
Definition
Tissue is without oxygen to the point that actual damage is happening, but it is reversible
Term
Infarction
Definition
Tissue has gone without oxygen for too long and tissue death has occurred
Term
The intrinsic SA/atrial rate
Definition
60-100 BPM
Term
Intrinsic AV rate
Definition
40-60 bpm
Term
Intrinsic ventricular rate
Definition
20-40 bpm
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
The way in which medication produces the response we intended
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
The study of the metabolism and action of medications within the body
Term
Affinity
Definition
The force of attraction between medications and receptors causing them to bind together
Term
Side effects
Definition
Reactions that can manifest as signs or symptoms that are not what we wanted but nevertheless are expected based on how the medication works
Term
Iatragenic response
Definition

And adverse condition inadvertently induced in a patient by the treatment given.

(patient develops UTI after insertion of a Foley catheter)

Term
Tolerance
Definition
Physiologic adaptations to the effects of a drug such that increasingly larger dose of the drug are required to achieve the same effect.
Term
Cumulative effect
Definition
The increased effect when a medication is given in several successive doses, which might result in therapeutic or non-therapeutic effects
Term
Summation effect
Definition
when multiple medications produce a response that the individual medications alone do not produce.
Term
Potentiation
Definition
The interaction between two medications that can cause one drug to enhances the effects of another.
Term
Interference
Definition
A direct biochemical interaction between two drugs.
Term
Habituation
Definition
The situation in which there is a physical tolerance and psychological dependence on a drug or drugs.
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
Severe dyspnea experience when lying down and relieved by sitting or standing up
Term
Common laryngoscope blade sizes
Definition

0-2 Children

3-4 Adult

Term
How does carbon monoxide affect a pulse oximetry reading?
Definition
The hemoglobin will bond to the carbon monoxide instead of the oxygen giving the oximeter a false reading.
Term
Perfusion
Definition
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissues in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal
Term
How to care for an amputated body part
Definition
  • Seal the amputated part inside a plastic bag, and place it in a cool container.
  • Keep it cool, but do not allow it to freeze
  • Never warn an amputated part
  • Never place an amputated part in water
  • Never place an amputated part directly on ice
  • Never use dry ice to cool an amputated part
Term
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Definition
  • Located in the upper brainstem
  • Responsible for maintenance of consciousness
  • Specifically one's level of arousal
Term
What vitals are the lower brainstem responsible for?
Definition

Heart rate

Blood pressure

Respirations

Term
What vitals are the midbrain responsible for?
Definition
Coordination of motor movements and posture
Term
What is a characteristic sign of neurogenic shock?
Definition
The absence of sweating below the level of the injury.
Term
What causes neurogenic shock
Definition

 Usually spinal cord injury

 

but may also be caused by:

Brain conditions

Tumors

Pressure on the spinal cord

Spinal bifida

Term
What is neurogenic shock
Definition

Some sort of injury/illness that causes the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels to be cut off from the nerve impulses that cause them to contract.

As a result, all vessels below the level of the spinal injury dilate widely, causing blood to pool.

Term
How does a fractured hip present if it is displaced?
Definition
Externally rotated and shortened leg
Term
How may a fractured hip present it is not displaced?
Definition
The leg may appear normal.
Term
The fracture of what bone is generally considered a hip dislocation?
Definition
The Acetabulum (femoral head)
Term
If a young person were to fractured her hip you should check for what?
Definition
Other traumatic injuries, as it is most likely caused by a high energy impact.
Term
Left sided CHF would produce what?
Definition
Pulmonary edema
Term
Right sided CHF causes what?
Definition
Paris Friel edema
Term
How does right-sided heart failure help improve left sided heart failure?
Definition
The left side will be less of a hinderance as the right side is no longer able to pump the normal amount of fluids.
Term
Common complaints of an aortic dissection
Definition
  • Chest pain in the interior part of the chest or back between the shoulder blades that is described as ripping, caring, sharp or like a knife
  • Sudden onset of pain with no pain prior to complaint
  • Difference in blood pressures in both arms
  • Carotid or femoral pull that is weak or missing
  • Changes in the EKG as ischemia
  • Symptoms resembling cardiac Tamponade
Term
What is the gold in treating a patient with an aortic dissection?
Definition
Providing pain relief and rapid transport.
Term
Ischemic stroke
Definition
A blood vessel becomes blocked, preventing blood from flowing to the distal tissues
Term
What percentage of all strokes are ischemic strokes?
Definition
75%
Term
Hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
Bleeding inside the brain which causes increased ICP.
Term
Signs and symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
  • Described as "the worst headache of my life"
  • Slurred speech
  • Aphasia
  • Decreasing LOC
  • Seizures/coma
  • Vision problems
  • Parethesia
Term
What percentage of strokes are hemorrhagic?
Definition
25%
Term
Hemophelia
Definition
Clotting factors 8 & 9
Term
Cardiogenic Shock Tx
Definition
200ml fluid bolus
Term
Hypovolemic Shock Tx
Definition
500ml Bolus
Term
Neurogenic Shock Tx
Definition
200ml Fluid Bolus
Term
Treatment of pregnant pt in c-spine
Definition
tilt backboard 30 degrees
Term
Tx of pregnant pt in need of fluid
Definition
Require 1 or 2 large bore IV and drip sets, large volumes of fluid are needed.
Term
Pancreatitis pain location
Definition
Epigastric or right upper abdomen.  May radiate to the back.
Term
UTI pain may refer
Definition
to the sholder or neck
Term
Kidney stones present with
Definition
11 out of 10 pain usually lasting 30-60 minutes
Term
Do kidney stone patients have a fever?
Definition
No they don't
Term
Bursitis
Definition
"swishing of the blood"
Term
Most MIs involve
Definition
the left ventricle
Term
an occluded Right Coranary Artery would produce
Definition
an inferior wall MI
Term
Transmural infarction
Definition
a full thickness infarct
Term
Most common MI symptom
Definition
Chest Pain
Term
Ischemia on a EKG
Definition
T wave inversion, S-T depression
Term
Paramedics legal requirements when abuse is suspected
Definition
Paramedics are manditory reporters
Term
Profiles of the abuser
Definition
  • Hx of abuse
  • Substance abuse by parents
  • Insufficient knowledge about child development
  • Not involved in the community
  • Afraid or emotionally unstable to ask for help
Term
Hemophelia is caused by
Definition
a lack of factor 8 & 9
Term
Sicle cell anemia causes a
Definition
increased risk of thrombitic crisis
Term
Contusion
Definition
Skin intact but damage below epidermis
Term
Hemotoma
Definition
A collection of blood below the skin
Term
First step of START triage
Definition

Verbal triage

 

"if you can hear me and walk on your own power then move here"

Term
What do dendrites do?
Definition
Recieve info
Term
Axon does what?
Definition
Carries signal
Term
Unknown case but showing S/S of extra pyramidal reactions
Definition
Don't treat
Term
Confirmed pyramidial reactions that have been caused by meds
Definition
Treat accordingly
Term
Emphysema
Definition

Know as pink puffers.

Retain O2

Term
Chronic Bronchitis
Definition

AKA "Blue Bloaters"

Sputum production

 

Term
What do the turbinales do?
Definition
Improves warming, filtering and humidification
Term
What do the adenoids do?
Definition
Filter bacteria
Term
What is the landmark between epiglotis and tounge?
Definition
Valecula
Term
What is the lowest protion of the larynix
Definition
The Cricoid cartalage
Term
What is the corina?
Definition
it is the dividing point of the right and left mainstem bronchi
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
Posterior protion of the oral cavity
Term
How to secure a vehicle?
Definition

Use 4x4 blocks

wedge snug loose cribbing

step blocks

box cribing

Term
Which cranial nerves have airway control?
Definition
  • Trigeminal
  • Glossopharygeal
  • Vagus
  • Hypoglossal
Term
What chemicles produce airway irriatation and choking?
Definition

Chlorine

Phosgene

Term
How do nerve agents work?
Definition
Block cholinesterase from working
Term
Somin has a ____ odor.
Definition
Somin has a fruity odor
Term
What part of the body produce clotting factors?
Definition
the liver
Term
What forms the inital plug of a clot?
Definition
Platelets
Term
What is Cardiac output?
Definition
CO = HR x SV
Term
What are the perferred weapons of a terrorist
Definition
Expolsives
Term
How do biological weapons work?
Definition
Oragnisims that cause disease or death
Term
Nuclear bombs not only produce a blast but they also....
Definition
cause wide spread panic due to the radioactive materials
Term
Storke Volume
Definition
the amount of blood pumped out in a single contraction.
Term
How do we insert ET tube
Definition
1-2 cm past the vocal cords
Term
What's an early sign of pre-eclampsia
Definition
gestational hypertension
Term
eclampsia
Definition
seizures durring pregnancy
Term
What will a PT w/ aburpto-placenta complain of?
Definition
Bleeding, and sudden onset of pain
Term
What is important to know about placenta previa?
Definition
it is painless
Term
What is the narrowest portion of the PEDs airway?
Definition
Cricoid ring
Term
How do patients contract tuberculosis
Definition

Respiratory droplets

Also through inoculation in mucous membranes and broken skin

Term
How did patients get meningitis
Definition
Direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions.
Term
Characteristics of pit vipers
Definition
Have vertical eyes and a triangular head
Term
How to treat a snake bite
Definition
  • Keep patient calm
  • supine and motionless  
  • immobilize the bitten extremity below the level of the heart
Term
What is the primary treatment for bronchial edema
Definition
Corticosteroids
Term
Definition

irregular respirations

widened pulse pressure

Heart rate decreases

Term
Is croup viral or bacterial
Definition
Viral
Term
What substance has an affinity with hemoglobin 250 times more than oxygen
Definition
Carbon monoxide
Term
What is the difference between a simplex and duplex radio
Definition
A simplex may only have one person talk at the same time but a duplex uses multiple frequencies and can have two people talk at the same time
Term
What are two types of advance directives
Definition

Living wills

Durable power of attorney

Term
What is a repeater and what does it do
Definition
It is a miniature base station that extends transmitting and receiving range for communicaton systems.
Term
What can predispose a person to frostbite
Definition
Smoking
Term
Heat stroke
Definition
Core temperature > 104° and ALOC
Term
What is a mild form of frostbite
Definition
Frostnip
Term
Becks triad
Definition

Narrowed poults pressure

muffled heart tones

JVD

Term
What type of pain could be expected with Frostnip
Definition
Numbness/tingling/burning
Term
What type of pain would be expected in a patient with frostbite
Definition
No pain
Term
What causes heat cramps
Definition
Salt depletion, dehydration, and muscle fatigue
Term
Compression injuries in the abdomen have the greatest effect on
Definition
Hollow organs
Term
When do shearing injuries occur
Definition
Deceleration and fall
Term
What organ is the most susceptible in abdominal trauma
Definition
The Splaine
Term
The visceral pleura attached to what?
Definition
Term
What is a common cause of tension pneumothorax?
Definition
Open chest wound treated with occlusive dressings that do not allow air to escape on exhalation
Term
What types of patients are most susceptible to spontaneous pneumothorax
Definition
Smokers and emphysema Pts
Term
Each long can whole how much blood
Definition
3000 mL
Term
What is the most common sight of a cardiac contusion?
Definition
The right ventricle
Term
What two things need to be present to be defined as heatstroke
Definition

Temp above 104

ALOC

Term
Classic heatstroke
Definition
Passive heatstroke
Term
The most common heat stroke patients are
Definition

The old

The young

The bedridden

Term
Why should you be catious with fluids in patients with heatstroke
Definition
It is known to cause pulmonary edema
Term
What is the first principle of communicating by radio
Definition
Speak clearly
Term
Use of escorts is typically ___ a good idea
Definition
Use of escorts is typically not a good idea
Term
Symptoms of untreated diabetes mellitus
Definition

Polydipsia (excessive thirst)

Polyuria (excesive urine output)

Polyphagia (excessive eating)

Weakness

Weight-loss

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