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| Hereditary trait that either spread through the population in the past and has been maintained by natural selection to the present, or is currently spreading relative to alternative traits due to natural selection. |
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| higher reproductive (or genetic) success. |
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| the positive effect of a trait on the number of surviving offspring produced by an individual or the number of copies of its alleles that it contributes to the next generation. |
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| damaging effects of the trait on these measures of individual genetic success. |
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| all traits have some adaptive function. |
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| There are many criticisms to ___. |
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| He observed the black-headed gulls and noticed their mobbing behavior. |
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| when species with similar ancestry lose similar traits due to changes in environment between the two. |
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| when species of different ancestry grow up in the same environment and gain the same traits. |
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Framework to make predictions.
Takes into account that not all adaptations are necessarily adaptive. |
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Fitness of the behavioral trait depends on the competition of others.
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| Literally life is a game in which winning means passing on more genetics. |
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| They tend to protect the vast majority of the members, however its almost inevitable that some will bite the dust. |
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| Game theory suggests that flocking is a result of ___. |
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| ___ suggests that flocking is a result of selfish herd. |
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| The idea that members are literally trying to hide behind someone else. |
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