Term
| A nuclei that is ultimately responsible for the generation of one type of behavior or another |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Still operate in a hierarchical fashion, and as such have the power to override other nuclei. |
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Definition
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Term
| So ___ (same guy who figured out that moths have attack bat evasive maneuvers) noticed that the mantis stays dead still until its pray move past, then it pounces. |
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Definition
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Term
| So Roeder cut one of the ___ in a mantis, and the muscles no longer worked. |
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Definition
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Term
| After he cut the abdominal ganglia, Roeder cut the ___. Turns out the bug walked and grasped all at the same time. |
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Definition
| link between the protocebral ganglion and the rest of the nervous system |
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Term
| What happened when Roeder cut the link between the protecebral ganglion and the rest of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Turns out the bug walked and grasped all at the same time. |
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Term
| So Roeder hacked at it a little lower below the ___. Surprisingly the mantis now froze and did not try to walk and grab. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened when Roeder cut below the Subsophogeal ganglia? |
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Definition
| the mantis now froze and did not try to walk and grab. |
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Term
| the ___ is somehow responsible for inhibiting the actions of the subsophogeal ganglia. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the protocebral ganglia is somehow responsible for inhibiting the actions of the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Strangely enough the absence of behavior with decapitation is not necessarily so with the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when male mantis are decapitated? |
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Definition
| They continue to gyrate their pelvis. |
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Term
| Why would male mantis still gyrate their pelvis after they are decapitated? |
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Definition
| This allows the male to continue to mate while the female is eating its head off. |
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Term
| As we discussed in the last chapter the brain is ___ and to a large extent behaviors are a result of an interplay between ___ in the nervous system. |
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Definition
| hierarchical; excitation and inhibition of different nuclei |
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Term
| This is the more or less invariant pattern of biological rhythms and usually is closely related to the natural light dark cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| However the ___ is not 100% invariant. It does actually change based on environmental cues |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the treatments for ___ is to sit people in a room full of bright lights for a while, or to force them to stay up all night. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This is where our rhythm is. |
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Definition
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus |
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Term
| The sleep cycle is regulated by a sort of elaborate system of ___. |
|
Definition
| transcription, translation, and protein degradation. |
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Term
| The ___ is regulated by a sort of elaborate system of transcription, translation, and protein degradation. |
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Definition
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Term
| For the most part you will find that ___ are due to the interplay of genes and proteins in such a fashion that they have a regular and predictable time schedule. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ controls drosophilas circadian rhythm. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do per and tim genes do during the day? |
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Definition
| During the day per and tim genes are transcribed into their functioning proteins Per and Tim. |
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Term
| ___ in flies is destroyed by light. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A ___ is the association of two proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Per and Tim as a dimer travel into the nucleus where they act as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ act to repress, or turn off the transcription of many genes. Most importantly though they turn their own genes off. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Per and Tim system in flies is called what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In the ___ we have a similar system to the Per and Tim system in flies. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Basically mammals have a ___ protein that when associated with the protein ___ turns on the transcription of the genes ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Per and Cry then form a trimer with another protein ___. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This trimer (Per, Cry and Csk) then inhibits the ___, turning off the ___ |
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Definition
| Clock/Bam dimer; transcription |
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Term
| In mammals the complexity of the system that tunes the ___ is much more complicated than in the flies. |
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Definition
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Term
| The SCN recieves input directly from the ___ and actually spatially is located very near the ___. |
|
Definition
| optic nerves; optic chiasm |
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Term
| Our clocks are regular within about ___ variation of each other in regards to length of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are rhythms that revolve around the schedule of a year. |
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Definition
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Term
| They tend to forage and store up food during the fall, and hibernate through the winter |
|
Definition
| Golden mantled ground squirrels |
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Term
| Golden mantled ground squirrels, who tend to forage and store up food during the fall, and hibernate through the winter are an example of ___. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Studies suggests that the mechanism of the mating of certain birds in the rainy season in Kenya relies on a certain subpopulation of cells in the ___. These are ___ cells. They tune themselves based on the release of nocturnal melatonin from the circadian system. |
|
Definition
| Pituitary gland; Photoperiod-relay |
|
|
Term
| systemic signaling molecules |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Insulin, Oxytocin, Growth Hormone, Leptin
are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some Peptide Hormones. |
|
Definition
| Insulin, Oxytocin, Growth Hormone, Leptin |
|
|
Term
| Testosterone and Cortisol are what? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Testosterone and Cortisol |
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|
Term
| Adrenaline, Melatonin are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two examples of Monoamines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormones are typically released in such a fashion that ___. |
|
Definition
| they are able to travel to distant locations where they can affect a target tissue that happens to have a receptor for that hormone |
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Term
| Several methods of travel are possible for hormones, depending on the ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The released hormone acts on the releasing cell itself |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The released hormone diffuses to nearby cells through extracellular space. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The released hormone travels through the bloodstream to target organ. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The hormone is released outside of the body to affect other individuals of the same species. |
|
Definition
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Term
| The chemical is released to affect individuals of other species. |
|
Definition
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Term
| This is responsible for reproductive maturation and body rhythms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two Pituitary Glands? |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. |
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|
Term
| This is responsible for hormone secretion by thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads, and growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is responsible for water balance and salt balance |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| This is responsible for growth and development, and also for metabolic rate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two adrenal glands? |
|
Definition
| Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla |
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|
Term
| This is responsible for salt and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is responsible for emotional arousal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is responsible for sugar metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is responsible for body development and maintenance of reproductive organs in adults |
|
Definition
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