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Comp review 2
Questions & answers 2
76
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/09/2011

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Term
Translation from codons to amino acids involves 3 types of RNA, waht are they?
Definition
1. mRna each 3 consecutive mRna bases forms a genetic code word(codon) that codes for a particular amino acid
2.rRna ribosomal
3.tRna Transfer RNA
Term
Mutation
Definition
A physical change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Term
Polymerase seperation
Definition
A T T C G G T T C
T A A G C C A A G
Term
Anticodon
Definition
RNA - A U U C G G U U C
Term
Connects back to DNA
Definition
Codon - T A A G C C A A G
Term
Energy is transferred from glucose to more usable molecules of ATP; What are the 3 steps?
Definition
1 Glycolysis
2 Krebs Cycle
3 Electron Transport Chain/ Phosphorylation
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
C6 broken down into 2C3 pyruvate molecules; Net 2 ATP; takes place in mitochondria
Term
Kreb Cycle
Definition
Breaks down 2C3 into a single molecule; takes plce in mitochondria; Net 2 ATP
Term
ETC/ Phosphorylation
Definition
Single C molecule used in generation of ATP, Takes place in mitochondria Net 32-34 ATp
Term
Aerobic respiration
Definition
Glucose+Oxygen----Carbon dioxide+ Water +Energy
Term
What is the ATP yield of one glucose molecule?
Definition
30 ATP
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Process that forms two identical cells from one; used to repair tissue
Term
Stages of Mitosis
Definition
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase
Term
Prophase
Definition
Chromatin condense into DNA; Nuclearmembrane breaks apart, freeing the chromosomes
Term
Metaphase
Definition
Mitotic spindle aligns the chromosomes down the center of the cell
Term
Anaphase
Definition
Centromeres move apart
Term
Telophase
Definition
Nuclear membranes assemble around two daughter nuclei; DNA decondenses back into chromatin
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
distributes cytoplasm and other cell contents; Division of cytoplasm into two cells; formation of daughter cells
Term
What os produced by meiosis?
Definition
New organisms
Term
Sexual reproduction
Definition
process that shuffles and recombines inherited traits from one geneation to the next
Term
Meiosis
Definition
One replication; two divisions; used to create eggs and sperm
Term
Meiosis 1
Definition
Diploid to haploid
Term
Two steps in reduction division
Definition
During meiosis diploid is reduced back to a haploid state
Term
Alleles
Definition
Alternate forms of a gene
Term
Dominant
Definition
A trait that masks the other; (A)
Term
Recessive
Definition
masked trait; (a)
Term
Genotype
Definition
Describes the organisms alleles
Term
Phenotype
Definition
Describe the outward expression/ appearance of an allele combination
Term
Genes
Definition
Inheritable units
Term
Autosomal genes
Definition
Genes not appearing on the sex chromosome
Term
Sex-linked genes
Definition
Genes appearing on the sex chromosome (X and Y)
Term
Homeotic genes
Definition
Genes governing body structure and organization
Term
Male
Female
Definition
one X and one Y
Two x's
Term
Base pairs joined by hydrogen bonds?
Definition
A always bonds with T
G always bonds with C
Term
Transcription
Definition
Process by which DNA sequence is converted to RNA sequence
Term
Translation
Definition
Process by which mRNA sequence is tranlated into an amino acid sequence(protein)
Term
Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
binds epithelialto underlying tissues and holds organs in place; under the skin
Term
Dense(fibrous)connective tissue
Definition
Dense matrix of collagen;forms tendons
Term
Adipose tissue
Definition
stores fat in closed packed cellsin a sparse matrix of fibers;pads and insulates the body
Term
Bone
Definition
a rigid connective tissue with a matrix of collagen fibers hardened with deposits of calcium salts this makes bone hard without being brittle
Term
Organs are built of what
Definition
Two or more tissues
Term
Organs
Definition
groups of cells that interact providing a specific function
Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Cells in layers; coats structures with one or more layers of tightly packed cells; covers and lines organs; functions as protetion, absorption & secretion
Term
Examples of organs lined with epithelial tissues are
Definition
Heart, lungs, and stomach,
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Widely spaced celss embedded in non- living matrix; provides support, adhesion, insulation, and attachment
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Forms rapid communication networks among the cells; Axons, dendrites, & neurons
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Powers the movement of life
Term
Communication
Definition
Integrate and coordinate activities of all organ systems
Term
Nervous system
Definition
Detects, interprets and responds to stimuli outside and within the body
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Secretes hormones that travel in the blood stream
Term
Support and movement- Musculoskeletal
Definition
Interacts enabling us to stand upright and move
Term
Skeletal system
Definition
Provides framework for muscle attachment, participates in blood formation, protects soft organs, and stores minerals
Term
Muscular System
Definition
enables body to move, pumps blood, participates in digestion and breathing
Term
What interacts to provide us with energy
Definition
Respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems
Term
Respiratory System
Definition
Obtains oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
Term
Cardiovascular system
Definition
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,hormones, and metabolic wastes
Term
Digestive system
Definition
breaks down nutrients and eliminates undigested foods
Term
What protects the body in several ways
Definition
Integumentary, urinary, and immune systems
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
Serves as a barrier, covering, helps regulate body temperature, and conserves water
Term
urinary system
Definition
excretes metabolic wastes,maintains volume, and composition of body fluids
Term
Immune System
Definition
Protects body from infection,injury and cancer
Term
Feedback mechanisms
Definition
Negative nad positive
Term
Negative
Definition
keeps things in balance,most actions are of this type
Term
Positive
Definition
creates major peaks and dips in production of a substance; few actions are of this type
Term
Planes of the body
Definition
1 Anterior, distal, dorsal, inferior, medial, posterior, proximal, sagittal, superior, transverse, and ventral
Term
Anterior
Definition
towards the front; eyes are anrerior to the brain
Term
Distal
Definition
opposite of proximal; farther from the trunk
Term
dorsal
Definition
Toward the back
Term
inferior
Definition
toward the feet or below
Term
medial
Definition
Midline, closer to the center
Term
posterior
Definition
toward the back
Term
proximal
Definition
closer to the trunk of the body; the elbow is proximal to the wrist
Term
Sagittal
Definition
lengthwise cut, longitudinal
Term
superior
Definition
above another part
Term
transverse
Definition
horizontal cut; cross section
Term
Ventral
Definition
lower section
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