Shared Flashcard Set

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community test 1
units 1
42
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2012

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Cards

Term
What is a Community
Definition

Group of people that functions collectively

within a defined social structure to address

common concerns or shared goals

Term
What is a Neighborhood
Definition
small and more homogenous group within the community that are self-defined often with reference to its character or inhabitants
Term
What is a Geopolitical Community?
Definition
is characterized by geographic and jurisdictional boundaries such as a city
Term
What are Communities of identity 
Definition
common identities and interests such as college students
Term

What are Aggregate Communities

 

Definition
Subpopulation groups within the community with some common characteristics often related to high risk for specific health issues or diseases.
Term
Healthy communities have common characteristics such as: 
Definition

 planning outcomes that are action oriented, collaboration with assessed needs, linkage to resources, embracing diversity and managing conflict and safety effectively

Term
Healthy communities enable people to: 
Definition

mutually support each other in successfully performing all the functions of life

Term
Who is the clinent of a comunnity nurse
Definition

The community is the primary client not just one individual

Term

What Factors can affect the Health of a Community

Definition

Geography, Environment, Community size, Industrial Development, Social Norms, Cultural Influences,  Economy, Politics, Religion 

 

Term
What is the International WHO (World Health Organization)
Definition
Agency of United Nations (coordinating authority on international public health)
Term
What is the Functions and responsibilities of the WHO
Definition

Assisting governments in strengthening health services

Establishing and maintaining administrative and technical services, such as epidemiological and statistical services

Conducting research

Developing international standards for food, and biological and pharmaceutical products

Term
What is the roll of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
Definition

Protects the public health by the regulation, supervision and enforcing standards of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and OTC Pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, blood transfusions, medical devices, cosmetics, veterinary products and devices that emit radiation.

Term

What is the roll of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

 

Definition
Promotes health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury and disability and monitoring their occurrence
Term
What is the roll of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and health  (OSHA)
Definition

an agency concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people in the work environment.

Term
What is the roll of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Definition

Primary agency of the United States Government responsible for biomedical and health related research to acquire new knowledge to help prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and disability and promoting that information to medical and health sciences facilities.

Term

What is the roll of the Social Security Administration (SSA)

 

Definition
Term

What si the roll of the State Health Department

Definition

The official agency that has primary authority in matters related to health and has essential power to make laws and regulations regarding health. 

a.       Health information

b.      Disease/disability prevention

c.       Health protection

d.      Health promotion

e.       Improving health care delivery system

Term

The State Health Department is responcible for Regulation, inspection, and licensure this includes:

Definition

 Inspect housing, food, milk, and restaurants

 License health care facilities

Register health care personnel

Monitor occupational health

Term

What Personal health services does the State Health Department provide?


10

Definition

Nutrition programs for selected populations

Medical and Dental treatment services

School health services

Community health nursing services

Family planning services

Treatment for substance abuse

Services for handicapped persons

Programs for control of chronic diseases

Ambulatory and emergency medical services

Screening for specific diseases

 

Term

How does the State Health Department  provide control of communicable diseases

 

Definition

Control rabies

Conduct surveillance and report incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases

Initiate quarantine measures

Diagnose and treat specific communicable diseases (including sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis

Term

How does the State Health Department provide Maintenance of environmental health

 

Definition

Monitor environmental conditions

Prevent or reduce pollution

Control nuisances (noise, etc.)

Provide for refuse and toxic waste disposal

Control vectors

Monitor and control radiation levels

Term

How does the State Health Department provide Laboratory and hospital services

 

Definition

License and monitor biological testing laboratories

License and inspect hospital

Provide laboratory services for selected tests

Monitor results of specific laboratory tests (e.g., tests for syphilis)

Term

How does the State Health Department provide Health Education

 

Definition

Provide public education on health promotion and disease prevention

Provide public education related to secondary and tertiary prevention of selected disorders

Term

How does the State Health Department provide Resource planning

 

Definition

Assess state health needs

Assess state health resources

Plan health programs to meet state health statistics

Term
How does the State Health Department provide Collection of vital statistics
Definition

Collect vital statistics and health statistics

Summarize and publish state vital statistics

                           

Term

Who over sees U.S. Local Health Agencies (Governmental)

Definition
Responsibilities are delegated by State Department of Health and by local health ordinances and are dependant upon the needs of local populations, capabilities and resources.  
Term

What are the typical responsibilities of thr 

  U.S. Local Health Agencies 

Definition

collection of vital statistics (birth and death

certificates), communicable disease control,

immunization program, school health and

health education.

Term

What are the key aspects of

Private Health Care (Non-governmental)

 

Definition

Diagnosis and treatment of illness, focused on individual

Funding – profit/non-profit

Primary, secondary and tertiary health care services

Treatment of acute illnesses

Complicated health care

Chronic complicated long-term health care

Hospitals, Clinics, Physician and Dental Offices, Rehab Centers, etc

Term

What are the key featurs of a U.S. Voluntary Health Agencies (non-governmental)

Definition

Emphasis on research and education

Relies primarily on volunteers and donations

Addresses the needs of special groups (American Heart Assn., etc.) 

Term

What are the key features of a Folk Health Care System  

Definition

Health care provided by people who are not considered health care providers including self-care such as OTC medications, rest, fluids. 

Over 70% of illness care is provided in this category

Term

What are the key features of a Alternative Health Care System

 

Definition

 

Health Care provided is outside the Scientific Health Care System such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Naturopathic, Herbalists, and Shamanism.  Many use these systems due to distrust, lack of scientific education, spirituality, economics and access.

Takes into account the religious and social implications of disease

Does not make a definite distinction between mental and physical illness, provides holistic care

Oriented to the community and culture

Takes place in familiar surroundings

Emphasizes familiar and practical information

Is of moderate cost

 

Term
What are the key features of a Scientific Health Care System
Definition

Focuses primarily on the personal implications of disease

Makes a definite distinction between mental and physical illness

Oriented to the individual

Takes place in unfamiliar surroundings

Emphasizes abstract concepts

Provides fragmented care

Emphasizes curing

Stresses diagnosis and treatment

Does not emphasize cultural support

Is of high cost          

Term

What are the key features of Health Care Quackery

Definition

practices that delay treatment and can cause harm.

a type of health fraud that promotes products and services that have questionable and unproven scientific research.

targets the most vulnerable, i.e. those who have lost hope in coping with their health issue, older adults, the health and beauty conscious and those with chronic debilitating diseases that cause pain and suffering. 

 the primary motive of monetary gain. 

 they ask the consumer to call them and not their doctor

Term

What are the Levels of Scientific Health Care in the U.S.

Definition

Health Promotion – education and health care information

Disease Prevention – immunization (prevent disease, disability and death)

Diagnosis and Treatment – early recognition, early treatment

Rehabilitation – limit incapacities, prevent reoccurrence

Term
what is Downstream treatment?
Definition

“rescuing people from the river”

      Short term episodic, individually based interventions (Microscopic)

 

Term
what is Upstream  treatment?
Definition

“looking upstream to see why people are drowning”

            Assessing the cause or precursors to illness

            Community if the client

            “Greatest good for the greatest number” (Macroscopic)

Term
Microscopic treatment
Definition

Focus on individual

Child exposed to lead poisoning

Identification and removal of sources of

Lead in one home

Removal of child from source of exposure

As quickly as possible

Chelation treatment using succimer:  an

Oral agent that forms a water soluble

Compound with lead allowing urinary

Elimination of excessive amounts of lead in the body

Term
Macroscopic treatment
Definition

Examining trends in the prevalence of lead poison over time

Percentage of older homes in area containing lead-based paint surfaces

Investigate any industrial source of lead emissions

Mobilize resources to reduce/eliminate sources of lead poisoning in the community to prevent further lead poisoning in children

Term

What is Primary Prevention – Public Health Realm

Definition

Prevent problems before they occur – Actions taken prior to the occurrence of health problems   (One never knows if what one did was effective)  -

Example: Regular exercise to promote health

Term
What is Secondary Prevention – Public Health/Private Health Realm
Definition

Early detection, early intervention including health screenings – Occurs after the health problem exists but early enough to prevent serious consequences (Provides higher cure rates/better control) –

Example: Exercise to lose weight for the obese person

 

Term

What is Tertiary Prevention – Private Health Realm

Definition

Correction/prevention of deteriorization or disability of disease state (fixed/chronic), preventing recurrences of the problem  (Not prescribed for healthy people)

Example: Exercise after a broken leg to prevent atrophy

 

Term

Old Health Care Model       

Tomorrow’s emphasis

Definition

Disease:  The more illness in the population, the more the health care industry profits

Wellness:  The healthier the population, the higher everyone profits

Surgery and drugs are backbone of health care

Health education to prevent/postpone disease

Death is prevented at all costs

Death is seen as a failure

Patients are allowed to die in comfort and with dignity.  Death is a part of wellness

The latest technology is critical for excellence in health care delivery

Human/personal touch and caring is critical for healing and wellness.

Physician/lawyer centered

Patient and family centered.  Other health care providers can have vital roles as educators and healers

 

Hospital Centered

Non-hospital approach

The focus is on the physical body for the achievement of health

The mind-body-soul connection must be addressed for healing

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