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Communication
Kozier/Chapter 26
70
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/21/2010

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Term
Communication:
Definition
Any means of exchanging information or feelings between two or more people.
Term
Self-talk:
Definition
Interpersonal communication that you have with yourself; involves thinking about the message before it is sent, while it is being sent, and after it is sent, and it occurs constantly.
Term
The sender:
Definition
A person or group who wishes to convey a message to another, also can be considered the source-encoder.
Term
Encoding:
Definition
Involves the selection of specific signs or symbols (codes) to transmit the messafe, such as which language and words to use, how to arrange the words, and what tone of voice and gestures to use.
Term
Message:
Definition
What is actually said or written, the body language that accompanies the words, and how the message is transmitted.
Term
Reciever:
Definition
The third component of the communication process, is the listener, who must listen, observe, and attend. This person is also known as the decoder; who must perceive what the sender intended.
Term
Decode:
Definition
Means to relate the message perceived to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the meaning of the message.
Term
Ineffective/effective communication:
Definition
If the meaning of the decoded message matches the intent of the sender, then the communication has been effective. Ineffective communication occurs when the message sent is misinterpreted my the receiver.
Term
Response:
Definition
The message that the receiver returns to the sender. (Also called feedback)
Term
The order of communication process:
Definition
Sender, Message, Receiver, and Response
Term
Verbal communication:
Definition
Uses the spoken or written word
Term
Non-verbal communication:
Definition
use other forms, such as gestures or facial expressions, and touch. (Nonverbal is the majority of communication)
Term
Pace and Intonation:
Definition
The manner of speech, as in the pace or rhythm and intonation.
Term
Simplicity:
Definition
Includes the use of commonl understood workds, brevity, and completeness.
Term
Clarity:
Definition
A message that is direct and simple will be more effective. Clarity is saying precisely what is meant, and brevity is using the fewest words necessary.
Term
Timimg and Relevance:
Definition
No matter how clearly or simply words are stated or written, the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard. This includes asking one question at a time.
Term
Adaptability:
Definition
Spoken messages need to be altered in accordance with behavioral cues from the client.
Term
Credibility:
Definition
Worhiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability.
Term
Humor:
Definition
Humor can be used to help clients adjust to difficult and painful situations, and can be used as a positive and powerful tool in the nurse-client relationship, but needs to be used with care.
Term
Nonverbal communication is also called:
Definition
Body language, it includes gestures, body movements, use of touch, and physical apperance, including adornment.
Term
Posture and gait:
Definition
The ways people walk and carry themselves are often reliable indicators of self-concept, current mood, and health.
Term
Facial Expression:
Definition
No part of the body is as expressive as the face. Feelings of suprise, fear, anger, disgust, fappiness, and sadness can be conveyed by facial expressions.
Term
Gestures:
Definition
Hand and body gestures may emphasize and clarify the spoken word, or they may occur without words to indicate a particular feeling or to give a sign.
Term
Advantages of E-Mail:
Definition
Most common form of electronic communication. It also is fast, legible, and provides a date and time of the message.
Term
Disadvantages of E-Mail:
Definition
Risks client confidentiality, and not everyone owns a computer.
Term
Communication considerations for Infants:
Definition
Communicate nonverbally, often in response to body feelings
THeir perceptions are related to sensory stimuli, so a gentle voice is soothing, with tension may create distress.
Term
Communication considerations for Toddlers and Preschoolers:
Definition
-They gain skills in both expressive and receptive ways.
-Allow time form them to complete verbalizing their thoughts without interruption.
-Provide a simple response to questions
-Drawing pictures can provide another way for a child to communicate.
Term
Communication Considerations for School-Age Children:
Definition
-Talk to the child at his or her eve level to decrease intimidations.
-Include the child in the conversation when communicating with the parents.
Term
Communication considerations with Adolescents:
Definition
-Take time to build rapport with the adolescent
-Project nonjudgemental attitude and nonreactive behaviors
-Play, draw, tell stories, word games, read bookds, and writing are excellent ways for nurses to communicate with children and their families.
Term
How do females communicate?
Definition
Use language to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy.
Term
How do boys communicate?
Definition
Use language to establish independence and negotiate status within a group.
Term
Values and Perceptions:
Definition
Values are the standards that influence behavior, perceptions are the personal view of an event.
Term
Proxemics is?
Definition
The study of distance between people in their interactions.
Term
Intimate space is?
Definition
Touching to one and a half feet
Term
Peronal space is how far?
Definition
1 1/2 to 4 feet
Term
Social Space is how far?
Definition
4 to 12 feet
Term
Public Space is how far?
Definition
12 to 15 feet
Term
What is intimate distance communication?
Definition
Characterized by body contact, heightened sensations of body heat and smell, and vocalizations that are low. It is important for nurses to be aware when they are going to be in a patients intimate space, and forewarn their patient.
Term
What is personal distance?
Definition
Voice tones are moderate, and bdy heat and smell are noticed less. Physical contact such as a handshake or touching a shoulder is possible.
Term
What is social distance?
Definition
Characterized by a clear visual perception of the whole person, eye contact is increased, and vocalizations are loud enough to be heard by others. Communication is more formaland is limited to seeing and hearing.
Term
Territoriality:
Definition
Concept of the space and things that an individual considers belonging to self.
Term
Congruent communication:
Definition
Verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match.
Term
Elderspeak:
Definition
Speech style similar to babytalk, that fives the message of dependence and incompetence to older adults. It does not communicate respect.
Term
Acceptance:
Definition
Neither approval or disapproval, the nurse willingly receives the patients honest feelings.
Term
Attentive Listening:
Definition
Listening actively, using all the senses, as opposed to listening passively with just the ear.
Term
What are the five actions of physical attending?
Definition
1. Face the other person squarely
2. Adopt an open posture.
3. Lean toward the person.
4. Maintain good eye contact.
5. Try to be relatively relaxed.
Term
Lood at table 26-2, starting on page 469 for Therapeutic Communication Techniques.
Definition
Term
What are two goals of a helping relationship?
Definition
1. Help clients manage their problems in living more effectively and develop underused or unused opportunities more fully.
2. Help clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives.
Term
What are the four phases of the Helping Relationship?
Definition
1. Preinteraction phase
2. Introductory phase
3. Working phase
4. Termination phase
Term
Preinteraction phase:
Definition
Planning for the initial visit to meet the patient.
Term
Working phase:
Definition
The nurse and the client begin to view eachother as uniques individuals, and start to care about eachother.
Term
Introductory Phase:
Definition
Also referred to the orientation or prehelping phase, is important because it sets the tone for the rest of the relationship.
Term
Empathetic listening and responding:
Definition
Nurses must listen attentively and communicate in ways that indicate they have listen to what was said and understand how the client feels.
Term
Empathy: (Egan)
Definition
"Can be seen as an intellectual process that invilves understaning correctly another person's emotional state and point of view.
Term
Respect:
Definition
The nurse must show respect for the client's willingness to be available, desire to work with the client, and a manner that conveys the idea of taking the client's point of view seriously.
Term
Genuiness:
Definition
Personal statements can be helpful in solidifying the rapport between the nurse and the client.
Term
Concreteness:
Definition
The nurse must assist the client to be concrete and specific rather than to speak in generalities.
Term
Confrontation:
Definition
The nurse points out discrepancies between thoughts, feelings, and actions that inhibit the client's self-understanding or exploration of specific areas. Note: this is done empathetically, not judgementally.
Term
The trick to the Termination Phase:
Definition
If the previous phases in the Helping Relationship has evolved effectively, the patient usually has a positive outlook and feels able to handle problems independently. Thus, making it easier for the nurse and the client to say goodbye.
Term
Group Dynamics is any communication that takes place between members of any group.
Definition
Term
What is the main purpose of the self-awareness/growth groups?
Definition
To improve the person's functioning in the group to which they return, whether job, family, or community.
Term
What are therapy groups for?
Definition
They work toward self-understanding, more satisfactory ways of relating or handling stress, and changing patterns of behavior toward health.
Term
Work-Related Social Support does what?
Definition
Many nurses such as hospice, emergency, and acute care nurses, experience high levels of vocational stress. Various types of group support can buffer such stress.
Term
What is an appropriate Nursing Diagnosis for someone who's impaired communication problem is caused by psychiatric illness, or a coping problem?
Definition
Impaired Verbal Communication is NOT useful for a patient that has communication problems caused by a psychiatric illness or coping problem. Fear or Anxiety are more appropriate.
Term
What does the nurse do in the Planning stage in the Nursing Process for a patient that cannot communicate effectively?
Definition
The nurse and the client determine outcomes and begin planning ways to promote effective communication.
Term
What can the nurse do during an implementing stage for a person who's communication is impaired?
Definition
-Manipulate the Environment, i.e making a quiet environment so that it increases the possibility of effective communication
-Provide support, convey encouragement to the patient as well as provide nonverbal communication
-Employ measures to enhance Communication, determine how the client can best receive messages; listening, looking, touch, or through an interpreter. After that, use and facilitate the way that the patient effectively communicates with.
-Educate the client and support persons, sometimes clients and support people can be prepared in advance for an intubation or throat surgery. By explaining anticipated problems, the patient may feel less anxious when problems arise.
Term
How does the nurse evaluate if the clients outcomes have been met in relation to communication?
Definition
The nurse must actively listen, observe non-verbal cues, and use therapeutic communication skills to determine if communication was effective.
Ex. "Using picture board effectively to indicate needs."
Term
Fun Fact: More than 60% of medication errors are caused by mistakes in interpersonal communication.
Definition
Term
Situational Briefing or SBAR for a framework for nurse-physician communication.
Definition
-Information about the client's current situation
-Background for the current clinical situation
-Assessment of the current problem
-Recommendation that addresses the client's needs
Term
What are the two types of Nonassertive Communication?
Definition
Submissive and aggressive
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