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| Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. |
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| A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress |
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| Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation |
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| Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. |
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| Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion. |
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| The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. |
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| Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. |
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| The means by which a message is communicated. |
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| The person who receives the speaker's message. |
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| The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference. |
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| The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. |
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| Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners. |
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| The time and place in which speech communication occurs. |
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| Communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words. |
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| A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience. |
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| A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation. |
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| A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes. |
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| Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed. |
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| The loudness or softness of the speaker's voice. |
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Definition
| The highness or lowness of the speaker's voice. |
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| Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice. |
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| A constant pitch or tone of voice. |
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| The speed at which a person speaks. |
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Definition
| A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech. |
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Definition
| A pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh," "er," and "um." |
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Definition
| Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness. |
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Definition
| The accepted standard of sound and rhythm of words in a given language. |
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Definition
| The physical production of particular speech sounds. |
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| A variety of language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary. |
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| The study of body motion as a systematic mode of communication. |
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Definition
| Motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech. |
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Definition
| Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person. |
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Definition
| The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. |
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| Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines. |
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| The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups. |
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Definition
| The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. |
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Definition
| Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own. |
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Definition
| Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stealing ideas or languages from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own. |
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Definition
| Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. |
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Definition
| To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words. |
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Definition
| A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding. |
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| Anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form. |
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| A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product. |
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| Anything that happens or is regarded as happening. |
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| A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like. |
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| A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness. |
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| A statement of the similarities among two or more people, vents, ideas, etc. |
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| To present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience. |
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| A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech. |
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Definition
| A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples ,statistics, and testimony. |
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Definition
| A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. |
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Definition
| A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point. |
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Definition
| A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point. |
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| An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation. |
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| The average value of a group of numbers. |
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Definition
| The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest. |
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Definition
| The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers. |
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Definition
| Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point. |
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Definition
| Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields. |
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Definition
| Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic. |
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Definition
| Testimony that is presented word for word. |
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Definition
| Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it. |
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Definition
| Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result in a particular audience. |
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Definition
| The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points. |
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| A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern. |
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| A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. |
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Definition
| A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship. |
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Definition
| A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony. |
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Definition
| A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another. |
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Definition
| A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them. |
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Definition
| A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next. |
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Definition
| A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. |
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Definition
| A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas. |
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