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Colonization of Land & Seed Plants OBSR Part 1
Colonization of Land & Seed Plants OBSR Class 7 Part 1 (Colonization of Land Plants - Mosses and Ferns)
48
Biology
Undergraduate 2
11/06/2010

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Term
Plants are __________ organisms that have chlorophyll __________ & __________ carotenoids.
Their cell walls possess __________ and they store energy as __________.
All plants have a __________ __________, __________ for regulating gas exchange, and a __________ to prevent the plant from drying out / conserve water.
Definition
1) Multicellular
2) a & b
3) Cellulose
4) Starch
5) Cell plate
6) Stomata
7) Cuticle
Term
__________ are tiny pores or opening on the surfaces of leaves and stems of almost all plants to facilitate gas exchange.
Definition
1) Stomata
Term
The waxy __________ prevents plant surfaces from becoming wet and helps to prevent __________ (drying out).
Definition
1) Cuticle
2) Desiccation
Term
What do plants have that prevent water loss?
Definition
1) Waxy cuticle (prevents desiccation)
2) Flattened structure (to maximize surface area and prevent water loss)
3) Stomata (to facilitate gas exchange)
Term
How do plants regulate gas exchange?
Definition
1) Stomata
Term
Plants typically experience an __________ of __________ during reproduction.
Definition
1) Alternation of generations
Term
__________ are sex organs that are __________.
The male gametangia - the __________ - produces sperm cells.
The female gametangia - the __________ - bears a single egg and hosts embryo development.
Gametangia possess __________ cells which provide support and protection to the structure.
Definition
1) Gametangia
2) Multicellular
3) Antheridia
4) Archegonium
5) Sterile
Term
Vascular plants have __________ (transports water) and __________ (transport food) as vascular tissues.
Definition
1) Xylem
2) Phloem
Term
__________ is a strengthening polymer found in the cell wall of __________ plants and plays a crucial part in conducting __________ in plant stems.
Definition
1) Lignin
2) Vascular
3) Water
Term
Male gametangia are called __________.
Definition
1) Antheridia
Term
Female gametangia are called __________.
Definition
1) Archegonium
Term
Xylem functions to __________ __________.
Definition
1) Transport water
Term
Phloem functions to __________ __________.
Definition
1) Transport nutrients (food)
Term
Lignin functions as a __________ __________ and also __________ __________.
Definition
1) Strengthening polymer
2) Conducts water
Term
Do non-vascular plants have xylem and phloem?
Definition
1) No
Term
Do non-vascular plants have lignin?
Definition
1) No
Term
Based on molecular comparisons of DNA and RNA sequences; chloroplast DNA, nuclear genes and RNA sequences, it has been determined that plants probably arose from a group of green algae called the __________.
Definition
1) Charophytes
Term
Nonvascular plants with a dominant gametophyte generation are called __________
Definition
1) Bryophytes
Term
Mosses belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Bryophyta
Term
Liverworts belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Hepatophyta
Term
Hornworts belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Anthocerophyta
Term
Ferns belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Pteridophyta
Term
Plants with naked seeds are called __________.
Definition
1) Gymnosperms
Term
Conifers belong to the Phylum
Definition
1) Coniferophyta
Term
Cycads belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Cycadophyta
Term
Ginkgoes belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Ginkophyta
Term
Gnetophytes belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Gnetophyta
Term
Angiosperms or flowering plants belong to the Phylum __________.
Definition
1) Anthophyta
Term
Mosses are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
Unlike other land plants, mosses have no true __________, __________ or __________.
Most mosses have structures called __________ that attach the gametophyte to the soil and absorb water and minerals.
Mosses are also known as __________
When spores are released they can germinate and grow into a filament of cells called a __________ which superficially resembles a filamentous __________ __________; the __________ forms buds, each of which grow into a green gametophyte and the life cycle continues.
Definition
1) Nonvascular
2) Gametophyte
3) Roots, stems, or leaves
4) Rhizoids
5) Bryophytes
6) Protonema
7) Green algae
8) Protonema
Term
Explain why mosses are gametophyte dominant.
Definition
1) The moss sporophyte generation is nutritionally dependent upon the gametophyte generation.
Term
What is a protonema?
Definition
1) A filament of cells that forms buds, each of which grows into a green gametophyte.
Term
What are rhizoids?
Definition
1) Root-like structures that attach the gametophytes to the soil and absorb water and minerals.
Term
In which part does meiosis occur?
Definition
1) Meiosis occurs in the male gametangia, the antheridium.
Term
Liverworts are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
The body form of liverworts is a flattened, lobed structure called a __________ that is not differentiated into leaves, stems, or roots.
On the underside of the liverwort thallus are hairlike __________ that anchor the plant to the soil.
The life cycle of liverworts is very similar to that of mosses; however, the __________ is where the antheridium is found; likewise the __________ is where the archegonium is found.
Liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissues called __________ which are borne in a saucer-shaped structure called the __________ __________ directly on the liverwort thallus.
Gemmae are usually dispersed by splashing __________ and small __________.
Liverworts also reproduce asexually by __________ __________ and growth.
Definition
1) Nonvascular
2) Gametophyte
3) Thallus
4) Rhizoids
5) Antheridiophore
6) Archegoniophore
7) Gemmae
8) Gemmae cup
9) Raindrops
10) Animals
11) Thallus branching
Term
Do mosses or liverworts have vascular tissues?
Definition
1) Neither
Term
Protonema is found in __________; thallus is found in __________.
Definition
1) Mosses
2) Thallus
Term
Where does meiosis occur?
Definition
1) In mosses, meiosis occurs within the capsule
2) In liverworts, meiosis occurs within the archegonium
Term
Ferns are __________ and have a __________ dominant life cycle.
Ferns are the largest and most diverse group of __________ vascular plants.
The fern sporophyte consists of a __________ that bear __________(leaves)
and true roots, all of which contain __________ tissue.
Leaves (__________) bear __________ in clusters called __________.
A __________ is a mature gametophyte which is 3-5 cells thick and is green and independent and bears both gametangia.
Ferns use water as a transport mechanism because they have __________ sperm cells.
Definition
1) Vascular
2) Sporophyte
3) Seedless
4) Rhizome
5) Fronds
6) Vascular
7) Fronds
8) Sporangia
9) Sori
10) Prothallus
110 Flagellate
Term
What is a frond?
Definition
Leaves of a fern where meiosis occurs (within sporangia).
Term
Are ferns gametophyte or sporophyte dominant?
Definition
1) Sporophyte
Term
What is a sorus (sori)?
Definition
1) A sorus is a cluster of sporangia found on the underside of fronds.
Term
Do club mosses and ferns have lignin? Do they have vascular tissues like xylem and phloem?
Definition
1) Club mosses and ferns have both lignin and vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
Term
Is the prothallus a gametophyte (n) or a sporophyte (2n) structure?
Definition
1) The prothallus is the only gametophyte (n) structure of the fern.
Term
In homospory, spores are produced by the same __________.
The spores produced by the __________ produce only one type of __________ on which will develop the gametangia which produce the sperm and eggs.
Definition
1) Sporophyte
2) Sporophyte
3) Gametophyte
Term
In heterospory, two different type of __________ each produce a type of spore (two separate types).
__________ are male spores produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the mature sporophyte.
__________ are female spores produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the female sporophyte.
Definition
1) Sporangia
2) Microspores
3) Microsporocyte
3) Microsporangia
4) Megaspores
5) Megasporocyte
6) Megasporangium
Term
In heterospory, female spores (__________) are produced by __________ contained within the __________ on the mature sporophyte.
Megaspores develop into the __________ which then produces __________.
Definition
1) Megaspores
2) Meiosis
3) Megasporangium
4) Megagametophyte
5) Eggs
Term
See plants have __________.
Definition
1) Heterospory
Term
Most club mosses and most ferns have __________.
Definition
1) Homosopory
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