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Cognitive Psychology Vocab
vocab words and stuff
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
08/01/2013

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Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
estimate probabilities based on how easy it is to retrieve examples
Term
hindsight bias
Definition
after the fact, people tend to think they could have predicted an ourcome
Term
somatic marker hypothesis
Definition
subjects consider their gut feeling. Nondeclarative emotional memory of how a decision outcome made them feel
Term
prefrontal cortex in decision making
Definition
involved in evaluating the affective consequences of their actions. Lesions make patients unable to take negative emotional outcomes into account
Term
symbol
Definition
special, arbitrary pattern that is used to carry a specific meaning
Term
oldest written record
Definition
5,000 yrs ago
Term
Humans developed the
anatomical requirements for
speaking
Definition
150,000 to 200,000
years ago
Term
Phonology
Definition
sounds
Term
Morphology
Definition
meaning units
Term
Lexicon
Definition
words
Term
Syntax
Definition
grammar, structure
Term
Semantics
Definition
meaning
Term
Pragmatics
Definition
communicative context
Term
mental lexicon
Definition
Contains mental
representations of all
words and word forms
(lexemes) we know
Term
speech areas in what hemisphere
Definition
left hemisphere
Term
Framing effects
Definition
people do not like losses
Term
subjective utility
Definition
people overestimate how they will feel about losses, and underestimate how they feel about gains
Term
Cooperative principle
Definition
Participants in a conversation agree to
cooperate and follow the same conversational rules
Term
Washoe
Definition
• Learned more than 130 signs
• Claimed to occasionally combine signs to get a new meaning
Term
Nim Chimpsky
Definition
• Learned 125 signs
• But wasn’t able to form novel combinations or learn syntax
Term
Kanzi
Definition
• bonobo
• Symbols on a computer keyboard
• Could associate 150 symbols with spoken words and objects
• Responded correctly to 70-80% of sentences
• Performance comparable to a 2-year-old child
Term
evidence of universal grammar
Definition
• kids who dont receive proper language input will make their own language
• critical period for language learning, as seen in neglected children
• foxp2 gene mutation seems to be associated with language deficiencies
• word order preference
Term
Broca's aphasia
Definition
slow, halting speech
poor articulation
omission of prepositions
can still understand
Term
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Definition
bad comprehension
Non-meaningful speech & difficulty finding right word
Term
fovea
Definition
8 letters
Term
parafovea
Definition
15 letters
Term
perceptual span
Definition
Smallest window size at which reading
speed is not affected compared to no
window condition
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