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Cognitive Psychology: Class 2 - Visual Processing
U.C. Berkeley Extension Cognitive Psychology X170
28
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/02/2012

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Cards

Term
Visual Agnosia
Definition
An inability to recognize visual objects that is niether a function of general intellectual loss or a loss of basic sensory abilities
Term
Apperceptive Agnosia
Definition
Patient is unable to recognize or draw simple shapes
Term
Associative Agnosia
Definition
Patient is unable to recognize complex objects, but can recognize simple shapes and copy drawings of complex objects
Term

Visual Information Processing:

Cornea

Definition
  • Membrane that protects eye
  • Bends light toward lens
Term

Visual Information Processing:

Iris

 

 

Definition
  • Colored part of eye
  • Muscle - controls size of pupil
Term

Visual Information Processing:

Pupil

Definition
  • Opening in middle of iris
  • Changes in size to let in different amounts of light

 

Term

Visual Information Processing:

Lens

Definition
  • Transparent structure
  • Focuses, bends light as it enters the eye by changing its shape

 

Term

Visual Information Processing:

Retina

Definition
  • Neural tissue lining back of eyeball’s interior
  • Contains the sensory receptors for vision:  rods, cones

 

Term

Visual Information Processing:

Fovea

Definition
Center of retina (cones only)
Sharpest vision
Term
Optic Disk (Blind Spot)
Definition
  • Location where axons of retinal cells leave the eye and form the optic nerve
  • No rods and cones
Term
Path of light wave through the eye (I)
Definition

Iris – controls the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil
Light passes through the lens and vitreous humor.
Lens – changes shape to focus the incoming light onto the retina (Accommodation)
Light is scattered slightly in passing through the vitreous humor, so the image falling back on the retina is not perfectly sharp.
A function of early visual processing is to sharpen the image.
Light strikes the retina.

Term
Rods
Definition
Sensory Receptors (Retina)
Long, thin blunt sensory receptors of the eye that are highly sensitive to light, but not to color
Are primarily used for peripheral and night vision
About 120 million
Term
Cones
Definition
  • Short, thick pointed sensory receptors of the eye that detect color
  • Responsible for color vision and visual acuity
  • About 8 million
Term
Bipolar Cells
Definition
Specialized neurons in the retina that connect the rods and cones with the ganglion cells
Term
Ganglion Cells
Definition
  • Specialized neurons that connect to the bipolar cells
  • Their bundled axons form the optic nerve
Term

Optic Pathways:

Optic Nerve

Definition
  • The thick nerve that exits from the back of the eye
  • Carries visual information to the brain
Term
Optic Pathways:
Optic Chiasm
Definition
Place where the optic nerve from each eye meet and partly cross over to the opposite side of the brain
Term

Optic Pathways:

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Definition
Details and object recognition
Term

Optic Pathways:

Superior Colliculus

Definition
 Spatial localization of objects
Term
Optic Pathways:
Primary Visual Cortex
Definition
  • Occipital Lobe
Term
Visual Informatin Processing:
Path of light wave through the eye (II)
Definition
  1. The light energy activates rods and cones (retina).
  2. A photochemical process converts light into energy.   
  3. Information from the rods and cones is collected by the bipolar cells, then the ganglion cells.
  4. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve.
  5. The optic nerves from the left and right eyes meet at the optic chiasm, then split apart.
  6. Once inside the brain, the fibers synapse onto cells in the primary visual cortex and other structures.
Term
On-off cells and off-on cells
Definition

Ganglion cells and cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus

 

[image]

Term
Edge Detectors
Definition
Respond positively to light on one side of a line and negatively to light on the other side
Term
Bar Detectors
Definition

Respond positively to light in the center and negatively to light at the periphery, or vice versa

Term
Response Patterns of Cells in the Visual Cortex
Definition
[image]
Term
Feature maps
Definition
Spatial representations of visual features
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