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CNA Unit 9,10,11
Basic Human Needs
103
Nursing
Not Applicable
09/09/2012

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Term
Growth
Definition

Include the canges that take place in the body. 

Usully measured by height and weight and degree of system maturation

Term
Development 
Definition
Involves the changes that take pace on a social, emotional and psychological level.
Term
adolescence
Definition
14 to 20 years
Term
neonatal
Definition
Birth to 1 month
Term
During neonetal or infant period :
Definition
Vision is not clear, but hearing and taste are developed.         Certain  reflexes (automatic responses) are also developed .
Term
Certain  reflexes (automatic responses) are developed, such as :
Definition
  • Moro reflex/startle reflexWhen a loud noise startles the infant, the arms are spread across the chest, the legs are extended, and the head is thrust back.
  • Grasp reflex touching the infat's palm causes te fingers to flex in a grasping motion.
  • Rooting (sucking) reflex stroking the cheek or side of the lips stimulates the infant to turn its head in the direction of the stroking. 
Term
Emotional attachments move from self-awareness and parental or caregiver attachment toward ties with other family members
Definition
Neonatal and Infant Period
Term
May play in the company of other children but with no interaction
Definition
Toddler
Term
Chooses sex-differentiated friends
Definition
School-age children
Term
Hormonal changes stimulate the secondary sex characteristics, but not yet in period of sexual functional
Mood seings and feelings of insecurity are common
Arms and legs seem out of proportion to the rest of the body.
Definition
Preadolescence
Term

Gradual success in mastering the developmental tasks of the age. The adolescent is able to make comparison between the values she has been tought and reality.

The gradual development of sexual maturity.

Definition
Adolescence
Term
She sum of ways we react to the events in our lives.
Definition
Personality
Term
When caring for elderly adult (age 65 and older) remember :
Definition
  • Avoid rapid change in position
  • Allow the patient to dangle at the bedside prior to transfer and ambulation
Term

A gradual loss of vitality and stamina

Physical changes that signal the aging process. For example, sight and hearing diminish.

Definition
Later Maturity (65 to 75 years)
Term
Erikson believed
Definition
 that we pass through eight growing stages in search of who we really are (self-identity). 
Term
During each stage, there are choices to be made before moving on to the next task, Erikson called these the tasks of personality development.
Definition
Approximate Age[2]VirtuesPsycho Social Crisis [3]Significant Relationship[2]Existential Question[2]Examples[2]
0-2 years Hopes Basic Trust vs. Mistrust Mother Can I Trust The World? Feeding, Abandonment
2-4 years Will Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Parents Is It Ok To Be Me? Toilet Training, Clothing Themselves
4-5 years Purpose Initiative vs. Guilt Family Is It Ok For Me To Do, Move and Act? Exploring, Using Tools or Making Art
5-12 years Competence Industry vs. Inferiority Neighbors, School Can I Make It In The World Of People And Things? School, Sports
13-19 years Fidelity Identity vs. Role Confusion Peers, Role Model Who Am I? What Can I Be? Social Relationships
20-24 years Love Intimacy vs. Isolation Friends, Partners Can I Love? Romantic Relationships
25-64 years Care Generativity vs. Stagnation Household, Workmates Can I Make My Life Count? Work, Parenthood
65-death Wisdom Ego Integrity vs. Despair Mankind, My Kind Is It Ok To Have Been Me? Reflection on Life

Term
Maslow describe human needs as 
Definition
physical, psychological and sociological
Term
Maslow placed the needs on a continuum in which
Definition
physical needs had to be satisfied first
Term
Maslowe's Hierarchy of need
Definition

[image]

 

Term
Pain
Definition
is a state of discomfort that is unpleasant for the patient.
Term
Pain is always a warning that is
Definition
something is wrong
Term
Acute pain
Definition
Occurs suddenly and without warning. Result of tissue damage, caused by conditions such as injury or surgery.
Term
Persistent pain (chronic pain)
Definition
Lasts longer than six months. It may be intermittent or constant. May be caused by multiple medical conditions.
Term
Phantom pain
Definition

Occurs as a result of an amputation. The pain is real, not imaginary. 

for example, the patient has had a leg removed, but complains of pain in the toes.

Term
Radiating pain
Definition
Radiating pain moves from the site of origin to other areas. For example, when a patient is having a heart attack, the pain may radiate from the chest to the jaw or arm.
Term
analgesic medication
Definition
pain medication
Term
The most accurate and reliable indicator of the existence and intensity of pain (should be respected and believed) is
Definition
The patient's self-report
Term
Always report verbal complaints of pain by 
Definition
describing the pain in the patient's exact words.
Term
Pain Assessment Scales
Definition
[image]
Term
When their culture is considered
Definition
patient respond better
Term
"Fifth vital signs"
Definition

Pain assessment.

Because unrelieved pain has a negative effect on the patient's  health and functional status.

Term
The  quality of pain control is influenced by the 
Definition
education, experience and attitude of the health care providers
Term
Nurse consideration to determines which medication to administer (which drug to be use) by
Definition
NA observations, patient's self-report of pain intensity, and physical assessment findings.
Term
NA are not directly responsible for pain management, but your observations and nursing care are very important because 
Definition
NA work closely and intemately with the patient.
Term
After the nurse administers pain medication before moving the patient, performing procedures or undertaking activities wit at least
Definition
30 minutes
Term
Rest 
Definition
is a state of mental and physical comfort, calmness, and relaxation
Term
Sleep
Definition
is a period of continuous or intermittent unconsciousness in which physical movements are decreased.
Term
Eldery adult over the age of 65 require sleep about
Definition
5 to 7 hours a day
Term
The study how the time of day affects body function 
Definition
 Chronobiology
Term

Type of sleep cycle that has four phases, progressing from light to very deep.

Begins when the patient first falls asleep.

In the first to phrase patient is easily aroused.

Definition
Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep 
Term
This is the part of the cycle in which dreams occur. Avoid awakening a patient.  Patient passes into REM sleep within approximately 60 to 90 minutes after falling asleep.
Definition
Rapid eye movement (REM)
Term

Lasts a few minutes, easily  awakened, Vital signs decrease progressively, if aroused during this phase, patient may feel as if he or she had been daydreaming.

 

Definition
NREM Sleep : stage 1
Term
Patient remains easy to arouse, progresses into sound sleep, body function and vital signs decrease, last 10 to 20 minutes.
Definition
NREM Sleep : Stage 2
Term
First stage of deep sleep, patient is difficult to arouse, little or no body movement, muscles are completely relaxed, vital sign continue to decrease, last 15 to 30 minutes.
Definition
NREM Sleep : Stage 3
Term
Deepest stage of sleep cycle, patient is very difficult to arouse, body rest and restoration occur, sleep walking and enuresis (bedwetting)/incontinence may accur during this stage, lasts about 15 to 30 minutes.
Definition
NREM Sleep : Stage 4
Term
Begint about 50 to 90 minutes after first falling asleep, full color dreaming, BP, pulse and respirations vary, limited of no voluntary movement, patient is very difficult to arouse, mental restoration occurs, lasts about 20 minutes.
Definition
REM Sleep
Term
Chronic deprivation of quality or quantity of sleep because sleep is ended or interrupted prematurely
Definition
Insomnia
Term
disorder characterized by sleeping very late in the morning and napping during the day. Cause can be physical or psychological
Definition
Hypersomnia
Term
A condition in which patients have sudden, uncontrollable, unpredictable urges to fall asleep during the daytime hours. These  individuals also get adequate sleep at night.
Definition
Narcolepsy
Term
A potentially serious condition in which air flow stops for 10 seconds or more.
Definition
Sleep Apnea
Term
Which is prolonged sleep loss (inadequate quality or quantity of REM or NREM sleep).
Definition
Sleep deprivation
Term
Grinding of the teeth
Definition
Bruxism
Term
bedwetting
Definition
Enuresis
Term
sleepwalking
Definition
Somnambulism
Term
Ulcer pain may worsen during this time, waking the patient up when the patient first goes to sleep 
Definition
the gastrointestinal tract secretes more acid when the patient first goes to sleep.
Term
Development and Growth
Definition
Move from head to feet and from torso to limbs
Term
The golden rule for pain relief is 
Definition
  • That what ever is painful to adults is painful to children unless proven otherwise. 
  • Pain should be based on scientific facts, not personal beliefs or opinions

pg 130

Term
Patient responses to pain
Definition
  • some individual do not feel pain as acutely as others, some try to ignore pain
  • Other pts may try to deny pain
  • pain may be related to culture (some think that showing pain is a sign of weakness etc)
  • Pain causes stress and anxiety, interfering wiht comfort, rest and sleep.
Term
Body language is the first clue that a patient is having pain. This may be the only clue in some :
Definition
  • pediatric 
  • cognitively impaired patients
  • from others culture
  • pts who are comatose
Term
analgesic
Definition
pain medication
Term
The most accurate and reliable indicator of the existence and intensity of pain, and should be respected and believed is
Definition
The patients' self report
Term
It is untrue patients who are smiling or laughing cannot be in pain because
Definition
  • Patient who are in pain may appear comfortable even while they are having severe pain.
  • Vital signs may be normal
Term
Clues that the patient is having pain include
Definition
  • Facial expressions
  • Grimacing
  • Refusing to move
  • Stiff, rigid or limited movements
  • Moaning, crying, yelling or screaming
Term
Nursing assistant are not directly responsible for pain management, but NA  work closely  and intimately with the patient, it is very important to report the
Definition
observation and nursing care
Term
State of physical and emotional well being
Definition

Comfort

The pts is calm and relax, is not in paint or upset

Term
Infancy
Definition
1 month to 2 year
Term
"Unnecesary noise is the most cruel abuse of care which can be inflicted on either the sick or the well"
Definition
Florence Nightingale
Term
The state of discomfort that is unpleasant for the pts
Definition

Pain


always a warning that  something is wrong

Term
Avoid making assumptions about the presence or absence of pain if the pts is laughing, talking or sleeping. Vital signs may be normal.
Definition
Regurlarly ask patients if they are in pain.
Term
 Pain assessment and mangement by nurse involves many factors, NA responsiblity is
Definition

Reporting the information to the nurse.

Observations (see, hear, and observe) contibute to this assessment and the patient's well-being.

Term
Nursing recognizes the individual within an ethnic and cultural group and provides nursing care that assures cultural as well as individual acceptance and comfort
Definition
Cross-Cultural
Term
Practice empathy by
Definition
putting your self in the patient's shoes and understanding how it feels.
Term
Believe illness develops when the harmony between body, mind, and spirit is disrupted
Definition

Native Americans.

Sand paintings are used in healing rituals to diagnose conditions and prescrie treatment

Term
Believe that illness is caused when an imbalance exists in the four body fluids
Definition

Hispanic

May use native healers, candles, prayers, and wearing of medals as metods os treatment and restore balance

Term
Milk and meat products may not be served at the same time
Definition
Orthodox Jewish
Term
Restrict food intake on specific dates
Definition
Roman Chatolics
Term
Not permitted to drink alcohol
Definition
Muslims, some Baptists
Term
Personal space 18 to 36 inches. Eye contact is acceptable
Definition
Caucasians (Europan and Skandinavian descent)  and Americans
Term
Standing closer to another person (5 to 10 inches)
Definition
African Americans
Term
Direct contact when speaking but consider prolonged contact disrespectful
Definition
Hispanic
Term
Consider eye contact inappropriate. The averted eyes and shifting gaze perceived as repectful in
Definition
Asian Culture
Term
Aware and appreciate personal characteristic of other
Definition
Sensitivity
Term
When this beliefs are rigid and are based on generations.
Definition
Stereotypes
Term
Clasification by share physical characteristics
Definition
Race
Term
Refers to the way a particular group views the world and the set of traditions that are passed on from generation to generation
Definition

culture


Culture mores (customs) Influence the way people will interact

Term
Special group within a race as defined by national origin and/or culture
Definition
Ethnicity
Term
Commonly health opinions, knowledge and attidudes about the world and life
Definition

Beliefs

 

Influence the person's feeling about illnes and the kind of health care he will choose

Term
The part of person that gives a sense of wholeness by fulfilling the human need to feel connected with the world and to a power greater than oneself
Definition
Spirituality
Term
An organized system of belief in a deity (higher power)
Definition
Religion
Term
Major religions of the US
Definition
  • Protestantism (various denominations)
  • Roman Chatolicism
  • Judaism 
  • Islam
  • Hinduism
Term
Solemn and ceremonial acts that reinforce faith
Definition
rituals
Term
Crucifix, Bible and religious medals
Definition
Roman Catholics
Term
Prayer rug, pray five times each day in direction of their holy city, Mecca, Koran
Definition
Islamic
Term
Amulets (charms against evil) and special charms
Definition
Native American and some peoples in the Middle East
Term
Holy book Torah, yarmulke (cap), tallith, menorah, bar mitzvah (when a boy reach puberty) 
Definition
Orthodox Judaism (Jewish)
Term
Baptism, Holy Communion, cross, Bible
Definition
Protestant
Term
Baptism, Holy Communion, Anoiting of the Sick, Reconciliation, Bible, medals, pictures and statues of saints, rosaries, crucifix
Definition
Roman Catholic
Term
Greeting with handshake and hug is common in 
Definition

Hispanic cultures

 

Handshake is traditional in the US for both man and women.

 

Middle Eastern countries only men may greet other men in this manner

 

Asian cultures are less likely to shake hands, especially with women

Term
Group that consider silence to be essential to understanding 
Definition
Native America
Term
Caucasian families, tend to be structured as more independent unit consisting of mother, father and children. Care of the elderly is more likely to be given over to others
Definition
Nuclear family
Term
Extended family are common in
Definition
Asian, Hispanic, Native American culture
Term
engraved stones, rings or other object that are used to ward off evil
Definition

Talismans



(Greek)

Term
alleged power to protect its owner from danger or harm
Definition

amulets 



Arab

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